Untitled Flashcards Set

Imperialism: A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Yellow Journalism: Sensationalistic or biased reporting that is used to attract readers.

Teller Amendment: A Congressional resolution stating that the U.S. would not annex Cuba after the Spanish-American War.

Platt Amendment: Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuban affairs.

Progressive Movement: A period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States from the 1890s to the 1920s, aiming to address problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, and political corruption.

Muckrakers: Investigative journalists who exposed social and political corruption during the Progressive Era.

Square Deal: President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program focused on controlling corporations, protecting consumers, and conserving natural resources.

Open Door Policy: A U.S. foreign policy aimed at ensuring equal trading opportunities for all nations in China.

Big Stick Diplomacy: President Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy strategy of negotiating peacefully while also displaying military strength.

Dollar Diplomacy: President William Howard Taft's foreign policy approach of promoting U.S. interests abroad through economic investment.

Moral Diplomacy: President Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy that aimed to support democracy and promote peaceful solutions to international issues.

Federal Reserve Act (1913): Legislation that created the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States.

New Nationalism: Theodore Roosevelt's progressive political philosophy during the 1912 election, advocating for a strong federal government to regulate industry and protect social welfare.

New Freedom: Woodrow Wilson's progressive political platform in the 1912 election, emphasizing limited government and the breaking up of monopolies.

Great Migration: The movement of millions of African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North, Midwest, and West, especially during World War I and the decades that followed.

Red Scare: A period of intense anti-communist suspicion in the United States, particularly after World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution.

Nativism: The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.

Quota Acts (1921 & 1924): U.S. legislation that limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States based on their national origins.

Mass Consumption Economy: An economy driven by the purchase of consumer goods on a large scale.

Installment Plan: A credit system where payments for merchandise are made in a series of fixed intervals.

Harlem Renaissance: A cultural, social, and artistic explosion of African American culture that took place in Harlem, New York, between the end of World War I and the mid-1930s.

Lost Generation: A group of American writers who came of age during World War I and expressed disillusionment with mainstream American culture.

Return to Normalcy: Warren G. Harding's campaign promise in the 1920 election, reflecting a desire to revert to pre-World War I conditions.

Teapot Dome Scandal: A major bribery incident during President Warren G. Harding's administration involving the secret leasing of federal oil reserves.

Trickle-Down Economics: The theory that tax breaks or other economic benefits provided to businesses and upper-income levels will indirectly benefit poorer members of society by improving the economy as a whole.

Washington Naval Arms Conference (1921-1922): An international conference aimed at limiting naval arms race among the world's major powers.

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928): A treaty that renounced war as an instrument of national policy.

Dawes Plan (1924): A plan to resolve the issue of World War I reparations that Germany had to pay.

Black Tuesday (October 29, 1929): The day the stock market crashed, marking the beginning of the Great Depression.

Hoovervilles: Shantytowns built by unemployed and destitute people during the Great Depression, named sarcastically after President Herbert Hoover.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC): A government corporation in the United States that provided financial support to state and local governments and made loans to banks, railroads, mortgage associations, and other businesses.

Bonus Army: A group of about 15,000 World War I veterans who marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932 to demand immediate payment of their service bonuses.

New Deal: President Franklin D. Roosevelt's series of programs and policies enacted between 1933 and 1939 to address the Great Depression.

Hundred Days: The first three months of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency, during which a significant amount of New Deal legislation was enacted.

Alphabet Agencies: U.S. federal government agencies created as part of the New Deal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Fireside Chats: A series of informal radio addresses given by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to the American people.

Emergency Banking Relief Act (1933): Legislation that allowed sound banks to reopen and provided for government reorganization of weaker banks.

Glass-Steagall Act (1933): Legislation that separated commercial banking from investment banking and created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC): A New Deal program that provided jobs for young men in conservation projects.

Public Works Administration (PWA): A New Deal agency that funded large-scale public works projects.

National Recovery Administration (NRA): A New Deal agency that attempted to regulate and coordinate industrial production.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA): A New Deal program aimed at raising agricultural prices by paying farmers to reduce production.

Dust Bowl: A period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies in the 1930s.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA): A New Deal agency that developed the resources of the Tennessee Valley region.

Works Progress Administration (WPA): The largest and most ambitious New Deal agency, employing millions of unemployed people to carry out public works projects.

Social Security Act (1935): Landmark legislation that created a federal system of old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to families with dependent children.

Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) (1935): Legislation that guaranteed workers the right to organize and bargain collectively.

Court Packing Plan: President Franklin D. Roosevelt's controversial proposal to expand the size of the Supreme Court.

Isolationism: A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of foreign countries.

Lend-Lease Act (1941): Legislation that allowed the U.S. to lend or lease war supplies to Allied nations during World War II.

War Production Board (WPB): A U.S. government agency that oversaw the conversion of industrial plants to wartime production during World War II.

Office of Price Administration (OPA): A U.S. government agency that controlled prices and rationed scarce goods during World War II.

Manhattan Project: The code name for the American-led effort to develop atomic bombs during World War II.

Second Great Migration: The migration of more than five million African Americans from the South to the Northeast, Midwest, and West from the 1940s through the 1970s.

Executive Order 8802: A presidential order issued by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1941 to prohibit racial discrimination in the national defense industry.

Tuskegee Airmen: A group of African American pilots who fought in World War II.

Double Victory Campaign: A slogan and drive during World War II that called for victory against both fascism abroad and racial discrimination at home.

Zoot Suit Riots (1943): A series of violent clashes in Los Angeles, California, between U.S. servicemen and young Latino and Mexican-American city residents.

Navajo Code Talkers: Navajo men who served in the U.S. Marine Corps during World War II and used their native language as a code to transmit messages.

Executive Order 9066: A presidential order issued by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942 that authorized the forced removal and internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.

Korematsu v. United States (1944): A Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.

Island Hopping: A military strategy used by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan, involving selectively attacking strategic islands and bypassing others.

D-Day (June 6, 1944): The day Allied forces launched the invasion of Normandy, France, opening the Western Front in World War II.

Yalta Conference (1945): A meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin to discuss the postwar reorganization of Europe and Asia.

Potsdam Conference (1945): A meeting between Truman, Stalin, and Churchill (later Attlee) to discuss the end of World War II and the postwar world, including the decision to drop the atomic bomb.