Feb 14th Ap gov Vocab list

Pork Barrel-It refers to national government politicians spending huge amounts of money in their local voting districts to encourage voters to re-elect them at the next election.

Logrolling – Mutual aid and vote trading among legislators

Partisanship - a strong allegiance to a political party, which can influence opinions, policies, and actions in government and politics.

Redistricting – The redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the

census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible in population.

Reapportionment – The assigning by Congress of congressional seats after each census. State legislatures reapportion state legislative districts.

Baker v Carr - a landmark Supreme Court case from 1962 that established the principle of 'one person, one vote' in legislative redistricting.

One person one vote - a principle that asserts each individual's vote should carry equal weight in the electoral process, ensuring fairness and equality in democratic representation.

Shaw v Reno - ruled that redistricting plans that are drawn primarily based on race, creating oddly shaped districts to concentrate minority voters, violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Divided government – Governance divided between the parties, especially when one holds the

presidency and the other controls one or both houses of Congress.

Lame Duck - when a president(or government official) has reduced powers and is on their way out of office.

Trustee – An official who is expected to vote independently based on his or her judgment of the

circumstances; one interpretation of the role of the legislator

Delegate – An official who is expected to represent the views of his or her constituents even

when personally holding different views; one interpretation of the role of legislator.

Politico - representatives who act as trustees or as delegates, depending on the issue

Policy agenda – The informal list of issues that Congress and the president consider most

important for action.

Veto – A formal decision to reject the bill passed by Congress.

Pocket veto – A veto exercised by the president after Congress has adjourned; if the president

takes no action for 10 days, the bill does not become law and does not return to Congress for

possible override

Line item veto – Presidential power to strike, or remove, specific items from a spending bill

without vetoing the entire package; declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

Commander in Chief - the role of the President of the United States as the highest-ranking military officer in the country,

Executive agreement – A formal agreement between the U.S. president and the leaders of other nations that does not require Senate approval.

Treaty – A formal, public agreement between the United States and one or more nations that

must be approved by two thirds of the Senate.