Period 2: 1607-1754
AMSCO Reading
Chapter 2: The Thirteen Colonies and the British Empire, 1607-1754
Chapter 3: Colonial Society in the 18th Century
This information is not put into any certain order!
? Inference.
Founding of Jamestown, Virginia - 1607.
Pilgrims - 1620: Separatists who sought religious freedom arrived in New England on the Mayflower.
The Mayflower Compact was signed as the first governing document of the Plymouth Colony on November 11, 1620.
New Amsterdam - 1626-1664: The Dutch colonization of New Netherlands that began in the 1620s.
Anne Hutchinson - 1591-1643: An English-born Massachusetts Puritan who held religious meetings and questioned the political power of the clergy. She was tried in 1637 and excommunicated from the church as a “woman not fit for society”. She was banished from Massachusetts and went to live on Long Island where she was eventually killed in an Indian raid in 1643.
The Half-Way Covenant - 1662: New England Puritans agreed that children of church members who hadn’t converted yet could still be part of the church in a smaller way by having a partial membership. This covenant helped keep families connected.
King Philip’s War - 1675: A war led by the Wampanoag leader Metacomet who was called Philip by the English. He started this war after New England settlers wanted to put native New England population under Colonial control. By the time he died over half of the English towns had been destroyed.
The Pueblo Revolt - 1680-1692: The most successful attempt at driving out European settlers by the Native Americans. The Pueblo peoples were able to push out the Spaniards to El Paso and burned Sante Fe. Along the way, they destroyed many Spanish settlements over hundreds of miles. They destroyed buildings and churches, and killed over 400 Spaniards.
Prosecution (definition): The institution and conducting of legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge. It involves presenting evidence, examining witnesses, and making arguments to prove the guilt of the accused.
Salem Witchcraft - 1692: This was normal to people living at the time. It was common for people to be accused of witchcraft, and those found guilty were hung. The trials were encouraged by Cotton Mather.
Commissioned (definition): To formally choose and authorize someone to create or carry out a specific task, often in exchange for payment.
Captain Kidd Commissioned - 1696: In the colonial era, ships were used for trade and exploration which led to piracy and secret deals. William III of England commissioned Captain William Kidd to find and capture pirates. Robert Livingston of New York and Kidd were promised 10 percent share of pirate treasure that they found.
Queen Anne’s War - 1702-1713: The second of four great wars between France and England, both allied by Indians, for expansion of their empires and resources.
Treaty of Utrecht - (signed) 1713: France gave up Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and French territory around the Hudson Bay to England. They also unclaimed authority over the Iroquois.
New Orleans was established in 1718.
4/5 of people brought to New world between 1492-1820 were slaves from Africa.
Bacon’s Rebellion - 1676-1677: The royal governor, William Berkeley, had let go the Indian tribes who’d attacked Western settlements. Virginia colonists, led by Nathaniel Bacon, staged a rebellion against the government by attacking Indian settlements and burning Jamestown to gain government recognition.
The transatlantic slave trade: A forced migration of slaves from Africa to the Americas.
The internal slave trade: A forced migration from the Atlantic Coast to South America.
Between 1607-1733, 13 English colonies developed a long the coast of North America.
Every colony had a charter which defined the relationship with the crown. It gave the colony the authority to operate as a document that came with special privileges.
The 3 charters and colonies:
Corporate Colonies: In the early years, they were operated by joint-stock companies
Joint-stock companies are businesses where shareholders invest capital in exchange for shares, offering shared ownership and limited liability.
Royal Colonies: They were under the direct authority and rule of the king’s government.
Proprietary Colonies: Ruled under the authority of individuals who were given charters of ownership by the king.
The king expected his wishes to be granted, giving him power over the colony
English colonies had a representative government where elections would be held to choose representatives that would manage property, taxes, and anything proposed by the king’s government.
Early 1600s: England had a growing population with a weak economy. This led to more poor and landless people who had a growing interest for the opportunities in the Americas.
Early English Settlements
Jamestown
The first permanent English colony in America was founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company (a joint-stock company) that was chartered by King James I of England.
The colony had outbreaks of dysentery and malaria due to the location near a swamp. A source of goods came from the American Indians, but after a conflict, trade stopped and starvation began and persisted.
By 1624, less than half of the 6,000 settlers remained alive. The Virginia Company made some bad decisions which left it in dept, and bankrupt. King James I took away the company’s charter and took direct control making it the first royal colony of England. After the transition to a royal colony, the colony was known as Virginia.
Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay
Instead of searching for a source of wealth, these colonies were formed by religious motivation. These colonies were formed by English Puritans who disagreed with the Anglican Church. Influenced by John Calvin, they adopted predestination and thought that the Church of England should have a complete break with Rome instead of still keeping some of the Catholic rituals and governing structures. King James I (reigned 1603-1625) saw these people as religious and political threats to his authority and had them arrested and jailed.
Separatists: Those who disagreed with the Church of England (dissenters of the Church). They wanted a church that was separate from royal control.
The Plymouth Colony
Hundreds of Separatists left England for Holland seeking religious freedom and were known as Pilgrims. Facing economic and cultural clashes with the Dutch in Holland, they chose Virginia in America. In 1620, a small group of Pilgrims sailed on the Mayflower, with less than half being Separatists, and the rest were those with economic motives. After a stormy 65-day voyage, they landed on the coast of Massachusetts, and established the Plymouth colony instead of going further to Jamestown.
The first winter was harsh and the population halved, but American Indians helped them adapt to the environment. They celebrated the a good harvest at the first Thanksgiving feast in 1621. With strong leaders, the colony grew slowly, but remained small. Fish, furs, and lumber, were important for support of the economy.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Another group of dissenters to the Church of England wanted to reform, or purify it, and were known as the Puritans. Puritans were persecuted, but it worsened Charles I took the throne in 1625. They looked for religious freedom by gaining a royal charter from the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629.
In 1630, John Winthrop led 1,000 Puritans to Massachusetts and founded Boston and other towns. A civil war in England brought about 15,000 to the colony and the movement was known as the Great Migration.
American Colonies search for Self-Rule:
Virginia
The Virginia Company guaranteed the same rights to Jamestown as those in England, including representation for the lawmaking process. In 1619, they held the first representative assembly in America at the House of Burgesses.
New England
The Mayflower Compact was a document by the Pilgrims that said decisions would be made by approval of the majority. It was a form of colonial self-government, and a basic constitution.
Freemen: Members of the Puritan church
In the Massachusetts Bay Colony, all freemen could participate in the yearly elections for the governor, his assistants, and the representative assembly.
Many colonists were excluded in these processes, as only male landowners could vote. Females the the landless had few rights, and slaves and indentured servants had none. Many colonial governors ruled with unlimited power and only responded to the king of England or those in England who provided financial support.
The colony of Maryland was founded in 1632 and was the first proprietary colony.
To avoid religious persecution, English Catholics moved to Maryland where they set up large colonial plantations. Because there was a larger number of Protestants, the Act of Toleration was formed
The Act of Toleration: Granted religious freedom to all Christians but anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus would be killed.
Protestant Revolt in the 1600s: A conflict between the Protestants and a Catholic proprietor led to a civil war that the Protestants won. The Protestants then repealed the Act of Toleration and the Catholics were no longer able to vote in the Maryland Assembly.
Landowners saw opportunities in getting or trading land from the American Indians and there was an increased demand for tobacco. But they had trouble finding enough workers. This is because the diseases, food shortages and battles with the American Indians affected the population and it grew slowly.
Indentured servants were under complete control of their masters for an agreed amount of years in return for a room and a place to live. At the end of the agreed years, they would begin working for wages or they would be given land to start their own farm. Indentured servants provided temporary laborers to landowners.
Headright system: Virginia’s attempt to bring immigrants through land offers. The colony gave 50 acres of land to each immigrant that payed for their journey, or to each plantation owner that payed for the journey expenses for an immigrant.
AMSCO Reading
Chapter 2: The Thirteen Colonies and the British Empire, 1607-1754
Chapter 3: Colonial Society in the 18th Century
This information is not put into any certain order!
? Inference.
Founding of Jamestown, Virginia - 1607.
Pilgrims - 1620: Separatists who sought religious freedom arrived in New England on the Mayflower.
The Mayflower Compact was signed as the first governing document of the Plymouth Colony on November 11, 1620.
New Amsterdam - 1626-1664: The Dutch colonization of New Netherlands that began in the 1620s.
Anne Hutchinson - 1591-1643: An English-born Massachusetts Puritan who held religious meetings and questioned the political power of the clergy. She was tried in 1637 and excommunicated from the church as a “woman not fit for society”. She was banished from Massachusetts and went to live on Long Island where she was eventually killed in an Indian raid in 1643.
The Half-Way Covenant - 1662: New England Puritans agreed that children of church members who hadn’t converted yet could still be part of the church in a smaller way by having a partial membership. This covenant helped keep families connected.
King Philip’s War - 1675: A war led by the Wampanoag leader Metacomet who was called Philip by the English. He started this war after New England settlers wanted to put native New England population under Colonial control. By the time he died over half of the English towns had been destroyed.
The Pueblo Revolt - 1680-1692: The most successful attempt at driving out European settlers by the Native Americans. The Pueblo peoples were able to push out the Spaniards to El Paso and burned Sante Fe. Along the way, they destroyed many Spanish settlements over hundreds of miles. They destroyed buildings and churches, and killed over 400 Spaniards.
Prosecution (definition): The institution and conducting of legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge. It involves presenting evidence, examining witnesses, and making arguments to prove the guilt of the accused.
Salem Witchcraft - 1692: This was normal to people living at the time. It was common for people to be accused of witchcraft, and those found guilty were hung. The trials were encouraged by Cotton Mather.
Commissioned (definition): To formally choose and authorize someone to create or carry out a specific task, often in exchange for payment.
Captain Kidd Commissioned - 1696: In the colonial era, ships were used for trade and exploration which led to piracy and secret deals. William III of England commissioned Captain William Kidd to find and capture pirates. Robert Livingston of New York and Kidd were promised 10 percent share of pirate treasure that they found.
Queen Anne’s War - 1702-1713: The second of four great wars between France and England, both allied by Indians, for expansion of their empires and resources.
Treaty of Utrecht - (signed) 1713: France gave up Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and French territory around the Hudson Bay to England. They also unclaimed authority over the Iroquois.
New Orleans was established in 1718.
4/5 of people brought to New world between 1492-1820 were slaves from Africa.
Bacon’s Rebellion - 1676-1677: The royal governor, William Berkeley, had let go the Indian tribes who’d attacked Western settlements. Virginia colonists, led by Nathaniel Bacon, staged a rebellion against the government by attacking Indian settlements and burning Jamestown to gain government recognition.
The transatlantic slave trade: A forced migration of slaves from Africa to the Americas.
The internal slave trade: A forced migration from the Atlantic Coast to South America.
Between 1607-1733, 13 English colonies developed a long the coast of North America.
Every colony had a charter which defined the relationship with the crown. It gave the colony the authority to operate as a document that came with special privileges.
The 3 charters and colonies:
Corporate Colonies: In the early years, they were operated by joint-stock companies
Joint-stock companies are businesses where shareholders invest capital in exchange for shares, offering shared ownership and limited liability.
Royal Colonies: They were under the direct authority and rule of the king’s government.
Proprietary Colonies: Ruled under the authority of individuals who were given charters of ownership by the king.
The king expected his wishes to be granted, giving him power over the colony
English colonies had a representative government where elections would be held to choose representatives that would manage property, taxes, and anything proposed by the king’s government.
Early 1600s: England had a growing population with a weak economy. This led to more poor and landless people who had a growing interest for the opportunities in the Americas.
Early English Settlements
Jamestown
The first permanent English colony in America was founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company (a joint-stock company) that was chartered by King James I of England.
The colony had outbreaks of dysentery and malaria due to the location near a swamp. A source of goods came from the American Indians, but after a conflict, trade stopped and starvation began and persisted.
By 1624, less than half of the 6,000 settlers remained alive. The Virginia Company made some bad decisions which left it in dept, and bankrupt. King James I took away the company’s charter and took direct control making it the first royal colony of England. After the transition to a royal colony, the colony was known as Virginia.
Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay
Instead of searching for a source of wealth, these colonies were formed by religious motivation. These colonies were formed by English Puritans who disagreed with the Anglican Church. Influenced by John Calvin, they adopted predestination and thought that the Church of England should have a complete break with Rome instead of still keeping some of the Catholic rituals and governing structures. King James I (reigned 1603-1625) saw these people as religious and political threats to his authority and had them arrested and jailed.
Separatists: Those who disagreed with the Church of England (dissenters of the Church). They wanted a church that was separate from royal control.
The Plymouth Colony
Hundreds of Separatists left England for Holland seeking religious freedom and were known as Pilgrims. Facing economic and cultural clashes with the Dutch in Holland, they chose Virginia in America. In 1620, a small group of Pilgrims sailed on the Mayflower, with less than half being Separatists, and the rest were those with economic motives. After a stormy 65-day voyage, they landed on the coast of Massachusetts, and established the Plymouth colony instead of going further to Jamestown.
The first winter was harsh and the population halved, but American Indians helped them adapt to the environment. They celebrated the a good harvest at the first Thanksgiving feast in 1621. With strong leaders, the colony grew slowly, but remained small. Fish, furs, and lumber, were important for support of the economy.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Another group of dissenters to the Church of England wanted to reform, or purify it, and were known as the Puritans. Puritans were persecuted, but it worsened Charles I took the throne in 1625. They looked for religious freedom by gaining a royal charter from the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629.
In 1630, John Winthrop led 1,000 Puritans to Massachusetts and founded Boston and other towns. A civil war in England brought about 15,000 to the colony and the movement was known as the Great Migration.
American Colonies search for Self-Rule:
Virginia
The Virginia Company guaranteed the same rights to Jamestown as those in England, including representation for the lawmaking process. In 1619, they held the first representative assembly in America at the House of Burgesses.
New England
The Mayflower Compact was a document by the Pilgrims that said decisions would be made by approval of the majority. It was a form of colonial self-government, and a basic constitution.
Freemen: Members of the Puritan church
In the Massachusetts Bay Colony, all freemen could participate in the yearly elections for the governor, his assistants, and the representative assembly.
Many colonists were excluded in these processes, as only male landowners could vote. Females the the landless had few rights, and slaves and indentured servants had none. Many colonial governors ruled with unlimited power and only responded to the king of England or those in England who provided financial support.
The colony of Maryland was founded in 1632 and was the first proprietary colony.
To avoid religious persecution, English Catholics moved to Maryland where they set up large colonial plantations. Because there was a larger number of Protestants, the Act of Toleration was formed
The Act of Toleration: Granted religious freedom to all Christians but anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus would be killed.
Protestant Revolt in the 1600s: A conflict between the Protestants and a Catholic proprietor led to a civil war that the Protestants won. The Protestants then repealed the Act of Toleration and the Catholics were no longer able to vote in the Maryland Assembly.
Landowners saw opportunities in getting or trading land from the American Indians and there was an increased demand for tobacco. But they had trouble finding enough workers. This is because the diseases, food shortages and battles with the American Indians affected the population and it grew slowly.
Indentured servants were under complete control of their masters for an agreed amount of years in return for a room and a place to live. At the end of the agreed years, they would begin working for wages or they would be given land to start their own farm. Indentured servants provided temporary laborers to landowners.
Headright system: Virginia’s attempt to bring immigrants through land offers. The colony gave 50 acres of land to each immigrant that payed for their journey, or to each plantation owner that payed for the journey expenses for an immigrant.
