SGS Entrepreneurship 2

Page 1: Introduction

• Title: Sport, Gender & Social Entrepreneurship

• Focus on socio-cultural perspectives in kinesiology.

• Author: C Hayhurst, 2025.

Page 2: Agenda

• Review of Part 1: Summary of Monday's lecture

• Introduction to Social Entrepreneurship (SE): Basic concepts and significance

• Case Studies: Focus on menstrual health innovations as a critical topic

• Key Considerations: Empowerment vs. systemic change

• Discussion Points: Key takeaways for further dialogue

Page 3: Review of Monday’s Lecture

• Main Idea: Sport as a tool for empowerment

  • Not universally applicable; context-specific approaches are crucial

• Cultural Relevance: Individual empowerment needs to be paired with systemic changes

• Critiques: Postcolonial Perspectives:

  • Challenges to Western-centric models in Sport for Development (SGD)

• Engagement: Inclusion of men and boys is vital for sustainable gender transformation

Page 4: What is Social Entrepreneurship (SE)?

• Definition of SE: Focus on social impact over profit (Weerawardena & Mort, 2006)

• Goals of SE: Emphasizes community-driven and sustainable solutions, creating social value

Page 5: Schools of Thought in Social Entrepreneurship

1. School of Social Innovation:

   • Primary focus on the individual as the "social entrepreneur"

Page 6: Schools of Thought Continued

2. Social Enterprise School of Thought:

   • Highlights the role of governments and not-for-profit organizations as catalysts for SE

Page 7: Further Schools of Thought in SE

3. Emergence of Social Enterprises in Europe School:

   • SE stimulated by collective, autonomous, and democratic actions (Bjarsholm, 2017, p. 8)

   • Importance of organization as a key element

Page 8: Research Context

• Focus on social innovation, entrepreneurship, and sport for development and peace

• Edited by: Mitchell McSweeney, Per Svensson, Lyndsay Hayhurst, Parissa Safai

Page 9: Barriers to Participation in Sport for Development and Peace

• Key Barriers Identified:

  • Menstrual health inequities

  • Cultural stigma and taboos

  • Economic disparities

Page 10: Menstrual Health & Sport for Development

• Impact on Participation: Menstrual health as a significant barrier

• Challenges Faced:

  • Stigma

  • Lack of access to products

  • Physical discomfort during menstruation

• Program Example: GOAL program integrating education and empowerment initiatives

Page 11: Capability Approach (Sen, 1992)

• Definition: Framework focused on well-being, freedom, and opportunities

  • Reference: "Development as Freedom" by Amartya Sen (1999)

Page 12: Key Concepts in Capability Approach

• Capabilities: Opportunities to achieve well-being

• Conversion Factors: Barriers such as cultural norms

• Functionings: Realized achievements, e.g., participation in sport

• Emphasis: Addressing systemic barriers to inclusion

Page 13: Applying Capability Approach in SE & SGD

• Insights from Zipp et al. (2023):

  • Focus on addressing systemic barriers like menstrual stigma

  • Emphasis on conversion factors that unlock participation

  • Expand capabilities for broader societal change

Page 14: Case Study #1: Moving the Goalposts

• Theme: "Pain to Power" with an emphasis on empowerment

Page 15: Case Study #1 Details

• MakaPad Social Enterprise:

  • Team: Marijke Coopmans, Leonie In de Braekt, Julie Bogaert, Agata Lis

  • Timeline: January - June 2010

  • Focus area: Girls’ youth sports and development organization in Kilifi, Kenya

Page 16: Case Study #2: Women Win’s GOAL Program

• Goals: Global focus on health and leadership

• Modules:

  • "Be Healthy!" concentrating on menstrual health education

• Impacts:

  • Increased knowledge and reduced stigma around menstrual health

Page 17: Case Study #3: NAZ Foundation’s "Bowling Out the Myths"

• Focus: Cricket as a medium for advocating menstrual health

• Outcomes:

  • Reduced stigma and increased confidence among participants

Page 18: Connection to Social Entrepreneurship

• Role of Education: Viewed as a form of social innovation

• Challenge: Reducing dependence on external aid and emphasizing individual responsibility

• Potential: Sport as a platform for social entrepreneurship

Page 19: Empowerment vs. Systemic Change

• Case Studies Insight: Individual empowerment is evident in confidence-building but systemic barriers still exist

• Critique of Neoliberalism: Shifts the burden of systemic issues to individuals

• Question Raised: How to effectively drive personal empowerment and systemic change through social entrepreneurship?

Page 20: Key Challenges in SE

• Finding Balance: Long-term impact vs economic viability

• Local Knowledge Importance: Ensure programs are grounded in local values and practices

• Neoliberal Critique: Avoiding over-reliance on individual solutions to address systemic inequalities

Page 21: Innovations in Menstrual Health for Development

• Moving the Goalposts Initiatives: Training participants to produce reusable menstrual pads and distributing essential supplies

• Naz Foundation Activities: Engaging through culturally relevant programs like "Bowling Out the Myths"

Page 22: Challenges to Entrepreneurial Approaches in Sport & Development

• Intersectional Challenges: Consideration of gender, class, race, and geography

• Social Entrepreneurship Critique: Risk of shifting responsibility from governments to individuals, burdening them with structural solutions

Page 23: Menstrual Health and the Capability Approach

• Focus of Sen’s Capability Approach: On freedom and agency to lead meaningful lives

• Menstrual Health as Capability: Increases opportunities for participation and leadership

• Challenges: Need to tackle stigmas and improve access to menstrual health products

Page 24: Effective Sport, Gender & Development Programs

• Key Strategies:

  • Align programs with local values and practices

  • Address policies, access to resources, and institutional inequalities

  • Focus on relational change to reshape gender norms collaboratively

Page 25: Key Takeaways

• Critical Lens on SE:

  • Avoid stereotypes and responsibility shifting

  • Prioritize social purpose over profit

  • Be cautious of links to neoliberal frameworks

• Sustainable Change:

  • Requires resources, policy support, and long-term planning, not just short-term fixes

• Your Role:

  • Embrace reflexive humility, co-create local actions for broader change firmly rooted in equity and intersectionality.