Chemistry Unit 9 - Acids and bases

Mind Map: Acids and Bases

Central Idea: Acids and Bases

• Acids

  • Strong Acids

    • Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

    • Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)

  • Weak Acids

    • Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)

    • Citric Acid (C6H8O7)

• Bases

  • Strong Bases

    • Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

    • Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)

  • Weak Bases

    • Ammonia (NH3)

    • Aluminum Hydroxide (Al(OH)3)

• Properties

  • Acids

    • Sour taste

    • Turn blue litmus paper red

  • Bases

    • Bitter taste

    • Turn red litmus paper blue

• Reactions

  • Acid-Base Neutralization

    • Acid + Base → Salt + Water

  • Acid-Base Indicators

    • Phenolphthalein

    • Methyl Orange

Mind Map: Arrhenius Acids and Bases

Central Idea

• Arrhenius Acids and Bases

Main Branches

Arrhenius Acids

• Definition

• Properties

  • Produce H+ ions in water

  • Sour taste

  • React with bases to form water and salt

Arrhenius Bases

• Definition

• Properties

  • Produce OH- ions in water

  • Bitter taste

  • Slippery to touch

Sub-branches

Arrhenius Acids

Definition

• Compounds that ionize in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+)

Properties

• Produce H+ ions in water

  • Examples: HCl, H2SO4

• Sour taste

  • Examples: Lemon juice, vinegar

• React with bases to form water and salt

  • Example: HCl + NaOH → H2O + NaCl

Arrhenius Bases

Definition

• Compounds that ionize in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-)

Properties

• Produce OH- ions in water

  • Examples: NaOH, KOH

• Bitter taste

  • Examples: Baking soda, soap

• Slippery to touch

  • Example: Soap bars

Mind Map: Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

• Central Idea:

  • Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

• Main Branches:

  • Acids:

    • Proton Donors

    • Examples: HCl, H2SO4

    • Strength: Strong vs. Weak

  • Bases:

    • Proton Acceptors

    • Examples: NH3, OH-

    • Strength: Strong vs. Weak

• Sub-branches:

  • Acids:

    • Proton Donors:

      • Definition

      • Reaction with Bases

    • Examples:

      • Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

      • Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)

    • Strength:

      • Strong Acids

      • Weak Acids

  • Bases:

    • Proton Acceptors:

      • Definition

      • Reaction with Acids

    • Examples:

      • Ammonia (NH3)

      • Hydroxide (OH-)

    • Strength:

      • Strong Bases

      • Weak Bases

Mind Map: Lewis Acids and Bases

Central Idea

• Lewis acids and bases are chemical species that participate in Lewis acid-base reactions.

Lewis Acids

• Definition: Accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond.

  • Examples:

    • Metal cations

    • Boron trifluoride (BF3)

  • Characteristics:

    • Electron-deficient

    • Can have vacant orbitals

Lewis Bases

• Definition: Donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond.

  • Examples:

    • Ammonia (NH3)

    • Hydroxide ion (OH-)

  • Characteristics:

    • Electron-rich

    • Contains lone pair of electrons