AP US History Exam Review Flashcards

Practice Exams

• Practice Exam #1: 35 multiple-choice questions, 1491-1945 (Periods 1-7), questions 1-13 from 2020 CED, 14-35 from 2017 CED.
• Practice Exam #2: 35 multiple-choice questions, 1491-1945 (Periods 1-7), questions 1-13 from 2020 CED, 14-35 from 2017 CED.
• Administered in mid-March.
• 35 minutes per exam.
• 75% correct suggests readiness for a score of 4 or better.

Adam Norris Review Videos

• Adam Norris Review videos by time period:
  • 1491-1607
  • 1607-1754
  • 1754-1800
  • 1800-1848
  • 1844-1877
  • 1865-1898
  • 1890-1945
  • 1945-1980
  • 1980-2015
• Adam Norris P1-P5
• Adam Norris P6-P9

Important Dates

• 1491
  • Year before Columbus's arrival.
  • End of undisturbed indigenous cultures.
  • Year before the Columbian Exchange.
• 1607
  • Settlement of Jamestown, Virginia.
  • First permanent English-speaking colony.
  • About 20 years after Roanoke.
• 1754
  • Start of the French and Indian War.
  • The Proclamation Act and the end of salutary neglect (a few years later).
  • Eleven years before the Stamp Act.
  • Sixteen years before the Boston Massacre.
• 1800
  • Election of Thomas Jefferson.
  • Birth of modern democracy:
    • Common man's right to vote.
    • Judicial review.
    • Presidential cabinet.
    • Peaceful transfer of power between political parties.
  • End of slavery in the North (approximately).
  • Eight years before the banning of the international slave trade.
  • Start of the 1st Industrial Revolution (approximately): Irish immigrants went to the northeast factories and German immigrants migrated west of the Appalachians for farming.
  • Start of the Market Revolution (approximately): the ability to buy and sell in distant markets, not just local markets.
  • Birth of a new national culture (approximately), Era of Good Feeling.
  • Birth of the first party system (approximately): Federalist Party vs. Democratic-Republican Party.
  • Birth of judicial review (approximately): court's power to declare laws unconstitutional.
  • Doubling of the size of the United States (approximately): Louisiana Purchase.
• 1844
  • Election of James K. Polk.
  • Coining of the phrase Manifest Destiny (approximately).
  • The year before the annexation of Texas.
• 1848
  • End of Mexican American War.
  • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Mexican Cession (Arizona, California, Utah, Nevada, and parts of three other states).
  • Seneca Falls Convention, Declaration of Sentiments, and birth of the women’s suffrage movement.
  • Gold discovered in California.
  • A few years before the publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
• 1865
  • End of the Civil War.
  • Start of Reconstruction.
  • Ratification of the Reconstruction Amendments, 13, 14, and 15 (approximately).
  • Start of the Second Industrial Revolution.
  • A few years before the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad and a few years after construction on the Transcontinental Railroad began.
• 1877
  • End of Reconstruction.
  • The Compromise of 1876.
• 1890
  • Start of the Progressive Era (approximately).
  • Publication of Jacob Riis’ How the Other Half Lives.
  • Publication of Alfred Thayer Mahan’s The Influence of Sea Power Upon History.
  • The Wounded Knee Massacre.
  • Passage of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
  • Closing of the frontier.
• 1898
  • The Spanish American War.
  • The Treaty of Paris (US temporary control of Cuba and ownership of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippine islands).
  • Annexation of Hawaii.
  • Two years after the USSC's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson.
• 1945
  • End of World War II.
  • Start of the Cold War (approximately).
  • Two years before the Truman Doctrine.
• 1980
  • Election of Ronald Reagan.
  • End of the counterculture movement.
  • Birth of a resurgent conservative movement.

Miscellaneous

• Proclamation Act: 1763
• Declaration of Independence: 1776
• Philadelphia Convention/US Constitution: 1787
• World War I: 1914–1918
• The Gilded Age: late 1860s to 1900 (approximately)
• The Progressive Era: 1890 to 1920 (approximately)
• The Great Depression: 1929 to 1939 (approximately)
• The Cold War: 1947–1989 (approximately)
• The First Great Migration: 1910–1940 (approximately)
• The Second Great Migration: 1940–1970 (approximately)
• The African American Civil Rights Movement: 1954–1968 (approximately)
• The First Party System: 1782–1824
• The Second Party System: 1828–1852
• The Missouri Compromise: 1820
• The Homestead Act: 1862
• The First Red Scare: 1917–1920 (approximately)
• The Second Red Scare: 1947–1957 (approximately)
• Passage of the 19th amendment (Women's Suffrage): 1920
• Prohibition: 1920-1933
• Banning of the international slave trade: 1808

Evidence Expressly Mentioned in the Key Concepts

• Period I (1491-1607)
  • Maize Cultivation
  • Columbian Exchange
  • Encomienda System
  • Southwest Native Americans
  • Great Basin Native Americans
  • Western Great Plains Native Americans
  • Northwest Native Americans
  • California Native Americans
  • Joint Stock Company
  • Mississippi River Valley Native Americans
  • Atlantic Seaboard Native Americans
  • Feudalism
  • Capitalism
  • Spanish Empire
  • Plantation Based Agriculture
  • Caste System
• Period II (1607-1754)
  • Spanish Colonization
  • French Colonization
  • British Colonization
  • Dutch Colonization
  • Christianity
  • Chesapeake and North Carolina Colonies
  • Middle Colonies
  • South Colonies
  • New England Colonies
  • Puritans
  • Participatory Town Meetings
  • Colonial Legislatures
  • Elite Planters
  • Metacom's War
  • Pueblo Revolt
  • First Great Awakening
  • Enlightenment
  • Protestant Evangelicalism Mercantilism
  • Atlantic Slave Trade
  • Chattel Slavery
• Period III (1754-1800)
  • Colonial Independence Movement
  • Revolutionary War
  • French and Indian War
  • Benjamin Franklin
  • Ideals of Self Government
  • Patriot Movement
  • Continental Army
  • Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
  • Declaration of Independence
  • Republican Motherhood
  • Articles of Confederation
  • Federalists
  • Federalist Papers
  • Constitution
  • Bill of Rights
  • Constitutional Convention
  • Prohibition of the International Slave Trade
  • Democratic-Republican Party
  • Presidential Administrations of George Washington and John Adams
  • Debate Over Ratifying the Constitution
  • Federalism
  • Branches of Government
  • First Political Party System
  • Northwest Ordinance
  • Mission System
  • Appalachians
  • Mississippi River
  • Washington’s Farewell Address
  • Election of 1800
• Period IV (1800-1848)
  • Development of Modern Democracy
  • New National Culture
  • Expanding Suffrage
  • Democrats and Jackson
  • Whigs and Clay
  • Second Great Awakening
  • Romanticism
  • Abolitionist and Anti Slavery Movement
  • First Women’s Rights Movement
  • Seneca Falls Convention
  • The First Industrial Revolution
  • Southern Cotton Production
  • American System
  • Southern Way of Life
  • Louisiana Purchase
  • Monroe Doctrine
  • Native American Relocation
  • Missouri Compromise
  • First Industrial Revolution
  • Market Revolution
  • Election of 1800
• Period V (1848-1877)
  • Manifest Destiny
  • Mexican American War
  • Civil War
  • Nativist Movement
  • Free Soil Movement
  • German Immigrants
  • Irish Immigrants
  • Mexican Cession
  • Southern Secession
  • Positive Good Proslavery Argument
  • States Right Pro-Slavery Argument
  • Emancipation Proclamation
  • Confederacy
  • Gettysburg Address
  • Reconstruction
  • Radical Republicans
  • Moderate Republican
  • 13th Amendment
  • 14th Amendment
  • 15th Amendment
  • Second Party System
  • Birth of the Republican Party
  • Second Industrial Revolution
  • Immigrants During the First Industrial REvolution
• Period VI (1865-1898)
  • Trusts and Holding Companies
  • Laissez-Faire Policies
  • New South
  • Sharecropping and Tenant Farming
  • People’s (Populist) Party
  • Transcontinental Railroad
  • American Bison Decimation
  • Reservation System
  • Gilded Age
  • Social Darwinism
  • Gospel of Wealth
  • Social Gospel
  • Settlement Houses
  • Plessy v. Ferguson
  • First Wave Feminism
• Period VII (1890-1945)
  • Great Depression
  • Roaring Twenties
  • Progressive Era
  • Women’s Suffrage
  • Prohibition
  • Limited Welfare State
  • New Deal
  • Preservation and Conservation Movement
  • The Great Migration
  • Harlem Renaissance
  • Imperialism
  • Spanish American War
  • Woodrow Wilson’s Call for Entry into World War I
  • Treaty of Versailles
  • American Expeditionary Forces
  • Pearl Harbor Attack
  • Holocaust
  • Japanese Internment
  • Immigration Quotas of the 1920s
  • Immigrants During the Second Industrial Revolution
  • Island Hopping
  • D-Day Invasion
  • Atomic Bomb Droppings
  • The First Red Scare
• Period VIII (1945-1980)
  • Korean War
  • Vietnam War
  • Cold War
  • Anti Vietnam War Protests
  • Civil Rights Movement
  • Brown v. Board of Education
  • Martin Luther Kings Direct Action and Non Violent Protest Tactics
  • Military Industrial Complex
  • The Second Red Scare
  • Great Society
  • Liberalism
  • The Sun Belt
  • Immigration Act of 1965
  • 1960s Counterculture Movement
  • Christian Evangelicalism
• Period IX (1980-2015)
  • Presidential Election of 1980
  • Ronald Reagan’s Domestic Policy Ronald Reagan’s Foreign Policy
  • Latin American Immigration
  • Asian Immigration
  • September 11 Attacks
  • Detente
  • War on Terrorism

Precedent-Setting U.S. Supreme Court Cases

• Marbury v. Madison (1803)
• Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
• Korematsu v. United States (1944)
• Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
• Roe v. Wade (1973)
• Bush v. Gore (2000)

Acts of Congress

• Navigation Acts (1651)
• Sugar Act (1764)
• Stamp Act (1765)
• Coercive Acts (1774)
• Judiciary Act (1789)
• Alien and Sedition Act (1798)
• Judiciary Act (1801)
• Kansas Nebraska Act (1854)
• Homestead Act (1862)
• Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
• Pendleton Act (1883)
• Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
• Dawes Severalty Act (1887)
• Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
• Foraker Act (1900)
• Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
• Federal Reserve Act (1913)
• Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)
• Selective Service Act (1917)
• Espionage Act (1919)
• Emergency Quota Act (1921)
• National Origins Act (1924)
• Federal Home Loan Bank Act (1931)
• Federal Securities Act (1933)
• Nat. Industrial Recovery Act (1933)
• Neutrality Acts (1930’s)
• Wagner Act (1935)
• Social Security Act (1935)
• Lend Lease Act (1941)
• G.I. Bill (1944)
• Taft Hartley Act (1947)
• Federal Highway Act (1956)
• Economic Opportunity Act (1964)
• Civil Rights Act (1964)
• Civil Rights Act (1968)
• Voting Rights Act (1965)
• Immigration and Nationality Act (1965)
• War Powers Act (1973)
• National Energy Act (1978)
• Patriot Act (2001)
• The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (2009)
• Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010)

Primary Sources

• John Winthrop, “City on a Hill” / “A Model of Christian Charity”
• Jonathan Edwards, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
• Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
• Thomas Jefferson, “Declaration of Independence”
• James Madison, “Constitution of the United States”
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, “Declaration of Sentiments”
• Frederick Douglass, “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?”
• Harriet Beecher Stowe, “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” (main ideas)
• Abraham Lincoln, “House Divided” speech, Second Inaugural Address
• Sojourner Truth, “Ain’t I a Woman?”
• Abraham Lincoln’s “Emancipation Proclamation
• Abraham Lincoln’s “Gettysburg Address”
• Andrew Carnegie, “The Gospel of Wealth” (main ideas)
• Josiah Strong, “Our Country” (main ideas)
• Upton Sinclair “The Jungle” (main ideas)
• Woodrow Wilson’s (14 Points)
• Franklin Delano Roosevelt, First Inaugural Address, December 8 1941 address
• George Kennan, “Long Telegram”
• Martin Luther King Jr. “Letter from Birmingham Jail”, “I Have a Dream” speech
• Betty Friedan "The Feminine Mystique" (main ideas)
• Ronald Reagan "Evil Empire" speech

Amendments

• 1st Amendment
• 2nd Amendment
• 10th Amendment
• 13th Amendment
• 14th Amendment
• 15th Amendment
• 16th Amendment
• 17th Amendment
• 18th Amendment
• 19th Amendment
• 21st Amendment
• 22nd Amendment
• 24th Amendment
• 25th Amendment
• 26th Amendment

Treaties

• Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
• Treaty of Paris (1783)
• Treaty of Paris (1898)
• Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Other Important Reads

• Articles of Confederation (1777)
• Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
• G.I. Bill of Rights (1944)
• Gone with the Wind (1939)
• Grapes of Wrath, The (1939)
• Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)
• INF Treaty (1987)
• Jim Crow Laws (1892)
• Limited Test Ban Treaty (1963)
• Marshall Plan (1947)
• Missouri Compromise (1820)
• Monroe Doctrine (1823)
• Northwest Ordinance of 1787 (1787)
• Open Door Notes (1899)
• Pentagon Papers (1971)
• Platt Amendment (1901)
• Proclamation of 1763 (1763)
• Proposition 187 (1998)
• SALT 1 (1972)
• Strategic Defense Initiative (1983)
• Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964)
• War-Guilt Clause (1918)
• Warsaw Pact (1955)
• Zimmerman Note (1917)

Words/Phrases Appearing in the Key Concepts

• Period I (1491-1607)
  • Distinct and increasingly complex societies
  • Aridity
  • Mobile lifestyles
  • Hunter-gatherer
  • Shift from feudalism to capitalism
  • Maritime technology
  • Encroachment
• Period II (1607-1754)
  • Imperial goals
  • Subjugating native populations
  • Intermarriage
  • Fur trade
  • Labor intensive product
  • Indentured servant
  • Cereal crops
  • Long growing seasons
  • Elite planters
  • Elected assemblies
  • Atlantic economy
  • Epidemic diseases
  • Racial demographic shift
  • Accommodation and conflict
  • Pluralism
  • Anglicanization
  • Autonomous political communities
  • Coherent, hierarchical and imperial structure
  • Mercantilist economic aims
  • Resistance to imperial control
  • Overt and covert means of resisting the dehumanizing nature of slavery
• Period III (1754-1800)
  • No taxation without representation
  • Local traditions of self rule
  • Abolition
  • Republican values
  • Tax and tariff
  • Negotiation, collaboration, and compromise
  • Federalism
  • Ratification
  • Enumerated powers
  • Political factions
  • Salutary Neglect
  • Mercantilism
  • Federalist
  • Anti-Federalist
• Period IV (1800-1848)
  • A modern democracy
  • National culture
  • Democratic ideals
  • Participatory democracy
  • Tariffs
  • Primacy of the judiciary
  • Federal law takes precedence over state laws
  • Federally funded internal improvements
  • Regional interests
  • National interests
  • Innovations in technology, agriculture, and commerce
  • Semi Subsistence agriculture
  • Emergence of middle class
  • Public and private spheres
  • Distinctive Southern regional identity
  • Overcultivation
  • Democratic-Republican
  • Whig
  • Jacksonian Democracy
  • Anti Slavery Movement
• Period V (1844-1877)
  • Expansionist foreign policy
  • Annexation of western lands
  • Religious refuge
  • Ethnic communities
  • Ethnic enclaves
  • Ideological and economic differences over slavery
  • Sectional political parties
  • REgional political parties
  • Electoral votes
  • Emboldened and divided
  • Eplotive and soil-intensive sharecropping system
  • Political tactics that stripped above African American rights
  • Nullification
  • Popular sovereignty
  • Emancipation
  • Jim Crow segregation
• Period VI (1865-1898)
  • Large-scale production
  • Industrial capitalism
  • Pro-growth policies
  • Government subsidies
  • Technological innovation
  • Redesigned financial and management structures
  • Advances in marketing
  • Gap between rich and poor
  • Consolidation
  • Trusts and holding companies
  • Financial panic and downturn
  • Laissez Faire
  • Government intervention
  • Hands off
  • New systems of production
  • Urban culture
  • Assimilation and Americanization
  • Political machines
  • Boomtowns
  • Cattletowns
  • Rural areas
  • Tribal sovereignty
  • Buttressed and challenged
• Period VII (1890-1945)
  • Consumer goods
  • Urban centers
  • Episodes of credit and market instability
  • Progressive amendments
  • Women's suffrage
  • Preservation
  • Conservation
  • Segregation
  • Integration
  • Limited welfare state
  • Social upheaval
  • Quota system
  • Closing of the western frontier
  • Policy of neutrality and non involvement
  • Unilateral foreign policy
  • Fascism
  • Totalitarianism / authoritarianism
  • Mass mobilization of society
  • Prohibition
• Period VIII (1945-1980)
  • Global leadership
  • Authoritarian
  • Ideology
  • Free market global economy
  • International security system
  • Direct and indirect military confrontation
  • Proxy
  • Containment
  • Civil rights
  • Desegregation
  • Liberalism
  • Resurgent conservative movement
  • Suburbs
  • Homogeneous mass culture
  • Counterculture movement
  • Vietnamization
  • Domino Theory
  • non-violent protest (Civil Rights)
• Period IX (1980-2015):
  • Newly ascendent conservative movement
  • Conservative beliefs
  • Deregulation of industry
  • Tax cuts
  • Service sector of the economy
  • Real wages
  • Demographic shifts
  • Interventionist foreign policy
  • Terrorism
  • Civil liberties and human rights
  • Climate change
  • Superpower

Foreign Policy Doctrines

• Monroe Doctrine
• Roosevelt Corollary
• Truman Doctrine
• Nixon Doctrine
• Bush Doctrine

Key Concepts

• Period 1: 1491-1607

  • The year before Columbus arrived, marking the undisturbed progression of native cultures.
  • The settlement of Jamestown, Virginia, as the first permanent English settlement.
  • Key Concept 1.1: Native populations developed distinct and complex societies by adapting to their environments.
  • Key Concept 1.2: European, Native American, and African contact resulted in the Columbian Exchange and significant social, cultural, and political changes.

• Period 2: 1607-1754

  • The settlement of Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in the Americas
  • The start of the The French and Indian War (aka the Seven Years War)
  • Key Concept 2.1: Europeans developed varied colonization patterns influenced by imperial goals, cultures, and environments, competing with each other and American Indians for resources.
  • Key Concept 2.2: British colonies engaged in political, social, cultural, and economic exchanges with Great Britain, fostering both stronger bonds and resistance to British control.

• Period 3: 1754-1800

  • The start of the The French and Indian War (aka the Seven Years War)
  • The election of 1800 (Jefferson vs Adams, with Jefferson winning)
  • Key Concept 3.1: British attempts to assert tighter control and colonial resolve for self-government led to the Revolutionary War.
  • Key Concept 3.2: The American Revolution’s ideals inspired new experiments with government forms.
  • Key Concept 3.3: Migration and competition intensified conflicts among peoples and nations.

• Period 4: 1800-1848

  • The election of 1800 (Jefferson vs Adams, with Jefferson winning)
  • The ending of the Mexican-American War with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the ceding to the United States of virtually all of what is today called the southwest.
  • Key Concept 4.1: The United States began to develop a modern democracy and celebrated a new national culture, while Americans sought to de ne the nation’s democratic ideals and change their society and institutions to match them.
  • Key Concept 4.2: Innovations in technology, agriculture, and commerce powerfully accelerated the American economy,precipitating profound changes to U.S. society and to national and regional identities.
  • Key Concept 4.3 The U.S. interest in increasing foreign trade and expanding its national borders shaped the nation’s foreign policy and spurred government and private initiatives.

• Period 5: 1844-1877

  • The election of 1844 (Polk vs Clay, with Polk winning)
  • The end of Reconstruction
  • Key Concept 5.1: The United States became more connected with the world, pursued an expansionist foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere, and emerged as the destination for many migrants from other countries.
  • Key Concept 5.2: Intensified by expansion and deepening regional divisions, debates over slavery and other economic, cultural, and political issues led the nation into civil war.
  • Key Concept 5.3: The Union victory in the Civil War and the contested reconstruction of the South settled the issues of slavery and secession, but left unresolved many questions about the power of the federal government and citizenship rights.

• Period 6: 1865-1898

  • The end of the Civil War
  • The Spanish American War
  • Key Concept 6.1: Technological advances, large-scale production methods, and the opening of new markets encouraged the rise of industrial capitalism in the United States.
  • Key Concept 6.2: The migrations that accompanied industrialization transformed both urban and rural areas of the United States and caused dramatic social and cultural change.
  • Key Concept 6.3: The Gilded Age produced new cultural and intellectual movements, public reform efforts, and political debates over economic and social policies.

• Period 7: 1890 -1945

  • The Progressive Era
  • The ending of World War II
  • Key Concept 7.1: Growth expanded opportunity, while economic instability led to new efforts to reform U.S. society and its economic system.
  • Key Concept 7.2: Innovations in communications and technology contributed to the growth of mass culture, while significant changes occurred in internal and international migration patterns.
  • Key Concept 7.3: Participation in a series of global conflicts propelled the United States into a position of international power while renewing domestic debates over the nation’s proper role in the world.

• Period 8: 1945-1980

  • The ending of World War II

  • The election of 1980 (Reagan vs. Carter, with Reagan winning)

  • Key Concept 8.1: The United States responded to an uncertain and unstable postwar world by asserting and working to maintain a position of global leadership, with far-reaching domestic and international consequences.

  • Key Concept 8.2: New movements for civil rights and liberal e orts to expand the role of government generated a range of political and cultural responses.

  • Key Concept 8.2: Postwar economic, demographic, and technological changes had a far-reaching impact on American society, politics, and the environment.

• Period 9: 1980-2015

  • The Reagan presidential election victory over Carter
  • The APUSH redesign
  • Key Concept 9.1: A newly ascendant conservative movement achieved several political and policy goals during the 1980s and continued to strongly influence public discourse in the following decades.
  • Key Concept 9.2: Moving into the 21st century, the nation experienced significant technological, economic, and demographic changes.

Ted Ed Lessons

• Boston Massacre
• The Berlin Wall
• The Cuban Missile Crisis
• The Constitution
• The Declaration
• The Bill of Rights
• The Ho Chi Minh Trail
• Christopher Columbus
• Voting Rights
• The Kansas Nebraska Act
• Nixon and Watergate
• McCarthyism

Compare/Contrast

• Nixon Vietnam War policy vs. Johnson’s Vietnam War policy
• New Deal vs Great Society
• Sherman Antitrust Act vs Clayton Antitrust Act
• 13th Amendment vs 14th Amendment vs 15th Amendment
• Plessy v. Ferguson vs Brown v. Board of Education
• Martin Luther King vs Malcolm X
• Confederate Form of Government vs Federal Form of Government
• First Industrial Revolution vs Second Industrial REvolution
• First Wave Feminism vs Second Wave Feminism
• Emancipation Proclamation vs Proclamation of 1763
• Civil Rights Act vs Voting Rights Act
• Navigation Acts vs Sugar Act vs Stamp Act vs Coercive Acts
• Federal Home Loan Bank Act vs Federal Securities Act vs Nat. Industrial Recovery Act vs Social Security Act
• Worcester v. Georgia vs Dawes Act vs Homestead Act