Exam 3 terms

Trobador: medieval singer/songwriter that wrote in the courtly love tradition 

Art song: a setting of a poem to music

• Performed by one singer w/ accompaniment (usually piano)

• Often in a personal tone, first person is common (subjective experiences, emotions, reactions to events in the world, longing)

Classicism: European artists copied the ancient traditions of Greece and Rome and it also refers to enlightenment (science, logic, rational). An example of this would be Joseph hidden string quartet and Sancho’s music.

Courtly love: unrequited love or devotion to someone who doesn’t share their devotion

Early music: instruments (ex:harpsichord and fortepiano) , voice types, genres/forms that are all non standard today (ex: middle ages)

Common practice era: a familiar style of music that we recognize and understand (ex: classical and romanticism music)

Chamber Music: recreational music 

• Private music performed at home

• Published for use among aristocracy and bourgeoisi (upper middle class) 

Salon: Salon was associated with women because they were in womens domain (their home)

Most women didn’t have access to education in medieval times so they learned through salons by talking to other professionals

Harpsichord: a keyboard that plucks the strings to make sound (like a harp or a guitar but activated via levels not fingers) 

Fortepiano: a keyboard instrument that uses a hammer to strike the string to make a sound (we use the whole word for early instruments and piano for later ones)

Symphony: music work for orchestra (strings, winds, brass, no voices) for a larger,public concert presentation

String quartet: a music ensemble that consists of two violins, a viola, and a cello (four instruments total)

Wind quartet: an ensemble consisting of a mixture of brass and woodwind instruments

The main features of romanticism are magic, mysticism, and personal freedom. Romanticism caused music to express courtly love and that became very popular. Beethoven helped pioneer Romanticism; wind and string instruments are also associated; Josephina Lang art song is an example “In the far distance”

Opera: a form of theatre music that often has a dramatic role taken by singers and it is typically a collaboration between a composer and a librettist (text used for an opera) that incorporates a number of performing arts such as acting, scenery, costume, dance, ballet, etc. It is typically performed at an opera house and accompanied by an orchestra or small musical ensemble

Digegetic: sounds that the characters and audience can hear (ex: dialogue, police sirens, walking sound effects, or a train rattling past)

Non-diegetic: Sounds that the characters can’t hear. It is used to communicate with their audience directly to emphasize mood and atmosphere. (Ex: narration, sound effects)

Underscoring: the use of music under dialogue to create an atmosphere or convey a theme

Aaba form: A musical form that is common;y used in classical standards, jazz, and sometimes in modern pop songs. It offers a balance between repetition and contrast, making it a versatile and appealing structure for songwriting

Minuet: a dance form that has had a lasting impact on classical music. Originating in the 17th century, the minuet has evolved through the baroque, classical, and romantic periods. Minuet served as a light, dance-like contrast to more serious movements in symphonies, quartets, ad sonatas. Composers like Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven incorporated the minuet into their works to showcase their ability to write elegant and balanced music

Participatory music:a type of music where everyone present is actively doing something: playing an instrument, singing or chanting, and/or dancing ex: campfire singign

Presentational music: There’s a clear divide between performers and the audience and audience members might dance or sing a lot, but they aren’t the focus. Ex: classical concert

Lute:a plucked string instrument popular in European music from medieval to the baroque periods

LISTEN AND WRITE DOWN THE DIFFERENT MUSICAL EXAMPLES FROM SG LIST

Pitch:high or low musical note sounds 

-how fast the sound waves are moving to produce sounds (frequency)

Melody(tune): a line of pitches that the listener hears as a single tune

-gave shape, direction, length, topography (jaggedness) and melodies also have form repetitions that make them memorable and variations that keep them interesting

Harmony: describes chords, overall pitch environment dissonance and resolution

Difference between harmony and pitch???

Dissonance: when two pitches seem to create tension

Consonance: harmonious sounding together of pitches

Rhythm: how long a note or sound lasts

Tempo: fast/slow a pace sound

(Tempo and rhythm go together and have a direct relationship ex:faster pieces use shorter rhythms and slower pieces use longer rhythms)

Meter:How those durations (rhythms) are organized into larger units

Example of meter???

Texture: how many “voices” (melodies) we hear at once and how they interact with each other

• Homophonic: means “same sound” (melody and accompaniment)

• Polyphonic: meaning many sounds

Accompaniment: supporting part of a voice 

Timbre: distinguishing a sound of combination of sounds 

-the quality of distinctive sounds of voices or parts or How the creator uses different instruments and voices to create variety 

• can describe different singing styles (soprano, alto, bass,baritone)

Form: how a musical experience unfolds in time and how a creator organizes all of the other elements to express meaning