End of Cold War

Berlin Wall, rise and fall

• Berlin Wall divided Germany and berlin

• West wanted post war europe to be captilist and soviets wanted it to be commusist

• West Germany was being rebuilt while east germany had resources taken

• 30% of the east german people left, so the wall was built to close the border.

• 5000 people managed to flee over the wall

• 11/9/1989 tried to make travel more possible

• Germany was reunifed in 1990

Leaders of the 20th Century

• Indira Gandhi

  • Third prime minister of the Rebluic of India, female, served four terms

  • Closer relationship between India and Soviet during the cold war. Nixon and Gandhi hated each other and Nixon supported Pakistan in the Pakistan war

  • Developed nuclear program

  • Bangladesh was created out of each Pakistan

• Thatcher

  • British prime minster

  • free trade and less gov. reg. of business

  • close relationship with the US

  • assertion of the UK’s military power

  • nicknamed the IRON LADY for her stance on the soviet union

  • Conservative: deregulated the financial sector and sold or closed state owned companies

  • Falkland’s War: Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands in turn Britain fought back and won

  • Against a European Union

• Mikhail Gorbachev

  • last president of the soviet union

  • glasnost and perstroika: help reduce corruption high up in the russian gov, callled for an open government

  • attempt many reforms and had confrences with the US to repair relations

  • fall of the berlin wall happened when the cold war came to an end

  • Began to allow eastren european countries to handle their own affairs. Many countries began to protest communism and most of them created new governments = Fall of Berlin Wall make germany one

  • Belavezha Accords: Ukcriane left the soviet union and gorbachv dissolved the soviet union which turns back into Russia and democractic

• Ronald Regan

  • president during the cold war in the 80’s

  • good relatuons with thacter, met with gorbache to help restsore relatiosn

  • reganomics: reduce taxes, controlling the money supply to reduce inflation, deregulate the economy and reduce gov. spending

  • believed in laissez fair, govermnet should not be involved in business

• Deng Xiaoping

  • leader of the communist party

POST SOVIET COUNTRIES

• Estonia

  • Baltic

  • Neighbors, Latvia and Baltic Sea

  • Half the size of Indiana

  • Climate: Temprete

  • Capital: Tallinn, landmark Tallin city walls

  • Orthodox today

  • Exports: Wood emecines,

  • Services: IT

  • Econmic stratment under USSR, now they have a thriving econmy.

  • Anexed by soviets 8/6/1940

  • 1991 - regained indepence.

  • 1960-1980 - nationalist movements

• Armenia

  • Eurasia

  • Hot summers, cold winters

  • Montaious

  • Rivers

  • prone to earthquakes

  • Mostly part of empires

  • Indepenece in 1991

  • wars

  • Politics controlled by soviets

  • nuclear power

  • corupption

  • 9/23/1991 indepence gained

  • Orthodox

  • many people immigrated

  • many aermnians are native

  • 8 year schooling

  • was right and conservative, now more polulist and capiliist

  • agriculture to industrial

  • exported minierals

  • trade with neighbors, china, and geramy

• Kazakhstan

  • Central Asia

  • Ninth largest country

  • desserts and forests and mountans

  • climate: long hot summers, cold winters, winter in the north is long and cold

  • semi independent before USSR, local government (like a state)

  • 1936 - joined USSR

  • left USSR in 1991

  • partisipated in WW2

  • nuclear test site

  • Islam or Russian Orthodox

  • oil and gas reserves, livestock, urianium, coal, gold, zinc, and lead reserves and grain

  • last country to leave

• Moldova

  • joined USSR 1940

  • left USSR 1991

  • orthodox

  • industry: argiculture, textiles, food processing, manufactoring

  • USSR was controlling

  • westren europe

  • natural resources, grapes and crude iron

  • transintarian war

  • fine arts, folklore, theater all part of culture

  • aging population

  • gdp is 33 billion, improving econmy

  • 1/3 of population lives below the poverty line, unemployment

  • temprete climate

• Latvia

  • north eastren europe, baltic sea

  • flat, maritime climate, rare speices

  • joined USSR 1940

  • leaves USSR 1991

  • latvia is amost conqueared by nazis

  • indepence movement was peaceful

  • lutheran, mostly christan

  • industrized

  • Industry- transportation, IR, constrcution, articultyre, finices

  • goods - wood products

  • propaganda

  • low price of living, povery rates are increasing but so are empliyment rates

• Georgia

  • eurasia

  • subtropical climate

  • bigger than west virginia

  • lowlands and pleateus, coastal plains with mountanous treain

  • USSR 1922

  • left 1991

  • orthodox

  • encomey is stronger now, tourism

  • exports - copper ore, cars nitrogenus fetizers, iron alloys, wine

• Turkmenistan

  • in central asia

  • subtroical desert

  • joined USSR in 1925

  • left 1991

  • separurat niyazov - predient for life, lowkey sucked, cult of personality

  • islam

  • interal conflicts today

• Lithuania

  • baltic region

  • plains, forests, and lakes

  • temprete climate

  • relativly flat

  • joined in 1940

  • indenpent in 1918

  • left USSR in 1990

  • roman catholic

  • manufactoring argiculture, IT, and tourism

  • censorship and changes under USSR

  • member of NATO and EU

  • modren and free

• Belarus

  • eastren europe

  • bread basket of eastren europe

  • rivers and lakes

  • flat terrain, marshes, wetlands, forest

  • left in 1991

  • joined in 1922

  • devastated in WW2

  • orthodox

  • pertochemical industry

  • limited travel

• Uzbekistan

  • Central Asia

  • Flat but steep, deserts

  • joined 1924

  • islam

  • left 1991

  • exported: cotton, gold, natural gas.

  • tourism

• Tajikistan

  • Central Asia

  • joined 1929

  • left 1991

  • islam