Chapter 11 Sec 5

A. Global Epidemic

1. Question: What disease was spread by fleas on rats during the Black Death?

   • Answer: Bubonic Plague.

2. Question: What is an epidemic?

   • Answer: An outbreak of a rapidly spreading disease.

3. Question: How did rats contribute to the spread of the Black Death?

   • Answer: Rats infested ships, towns, and homes, and the fleas on the rats transmitted the disease to humans.

4. Question: In the early 1300s, approximately how many people died in China due to the Black Death?

   • Answer: About 35 million people.

5. Question: Where did the Black Death spread after it started in China?

   • Answer: It spread west into Asia and Europe.

6. Question: At its peak in Cairo, how many people died per day from the Black Death?

   • Answer: About 7,000 people per day.

B. Social Upheaval

7. Question: What were some of the reactions to the Black Death in Europe?

   • Answer: Some people turned to witchcraft, some became wild, and others believed God was punishing them.

C. Economic Effect

8. Question: What was the economic effect of the Black Death on Europe?

   • Answer: The economy plunged, and inflation (rising prices) occurred.

9. Question: During the Black Death, what fraction of the population died between 1347 and 1353?

   • Answer: 1 out of 3 people died.

10. Question: How many people died during the Black Death between 1347 and 1353?

    • Answer: Over 25 million people.

II. Upheaval in the Church

11. Question: What caused division within the Catholic Church in the 1300s?

    • Answer: The movement of the papacy to Avignon, France, in 1309, and the election of two popes who feuded with each other.

12. Question: Where did Pope Clement V move the papacy in 1309?

    • Answer: To Avignon, located on the border of Southern France.

13. Question: How long did the papacy stay in Avignon?

    • Answer: About 70 years.

14. Question: What happened in 1378 regarding the papacy?

    • Answer: Reformers elected their own pope in Rome, leading to a feud between two popes.

III. One Hundred-Year War (1337-1453)

A. Causes

15. Question: What sparked the One Hundred-Year War between England and France?

    • Answer: England wanted to reclaim Normandy from France.

B. English Victory

16. Question: What was the longbow, and how did it contribute to England's victories?

    • Answer: The longbow was a powerful new weapon, six feet long, and capable of firing three arrows at once. It took years to master and helped England in battle.

C. French Victory

17. Question: Who was Joan of Arc, and how did she contribute to France's victory in the war?

    • Answer: Joan of Arc was a 17-year-old peasant girl who claimed God had sent her to save France. She led an army that defeated the English and gave hope to the French.

18. Question: What happened to Joan of Arc after her military success?

    • Answer: She was captured, tried for witchcraft, and burned at the stake. Later, the Church declared her a saint.

19. Question: How did the French view Joan of Arc after her death?

    • Answer: The French saw her as a martyr.

D. Effects of the War

20. Question: What new weapon did the French use to turn the tide in the war?

    • Answer: The cannon.

21. Question: What effect did the One Hundred-Year War have on France?

    • Answer: It fostered a strong national feeling in France.

22. Question: How did the One Hundred-Year War affect England’s expansion plans?

    • Answer: The English started looking for new lands overseas.

23. Question: How did the use of the longbow and cannon affect medieval society?

    • Answer: Knights started to disappear as these new weapons made the traditional knightly role less important, marking the decline of medieval society.