Untitled Flashcards Set

• Scientific Revolution Causes:

-people starting to question, curiosity/exploration, tech advancements, and humanism (“Why does this person have power)

• Scientfiic revolution Impacts/effects:

-Impact on thought (emphasis on evidence/experiment), influence on enlightenment (foundation for questioning) Broader impacts (Policial, economic, and social idelogies)

ENLIGHTENMENT:

• Influence of the scientific revolution on the enlightenment

-men started to question norms/foundation of questioning

• Key ideas to include social and political reforms

French revolution: influence of enlightenment principles on the call for political and social change

• Natural rights (what are they)

-Life liberty and property

• Hobbes view on government and natural rights

-Favored absolute monarchy, believed people were evil, so only a powerful government can ensure social order. 

• Locke’s view on government and natural rights

-Life, Liberty, and Property are natural rights. 

• Montesquie’s view on government and natural rights

-Seperation of Powers in goverment

• Rousseau’s view on government and natural rights

-Wrote the social contract, people were naturally good in their own state.

• Enlightenment influence on the American and French revolutions:

American: idea of freedom and self-determination. 

French:  influence from Enlightenment principles, on the call for political and social change. 

FRENCH REVOLUTION/NAPOLEON:

• What caused France’s financial/economic crisis

-King Louis lavished money on himself and residences like versailles.

• The three estates (what members of society made up each estate)

1st Estate: Clergy  2nd Estate: Nobility  3rd Estate: Everyone else

• What was the estate general, why was this meeting called?

-The Estate General was a meeting of all the estates to figure out a solution for the debt

• How the tennis court oath gave rise to the National Assembly

-National assembly: They want to force a constitution influenced from the Enlightenment philosophers and took a oath not to leave the tennis court until the consitiution is made. 

• Reign of Terror (causes/leadership)

-Causes: accused of treason, mass exucutions. Lead by Danton and Jacobin, danton lead the committee of public safety where lots of people were guillitoned and then robesspiere was

• Rise of Napoleon (First consul, then emperor)

-Napelon launches a Coup’dEtat (Seziure and overthrow) on the weak and corrupt directory then he is victorious and seizes control of France as a consul/dictator. Emperor was his ultimate goal. Then in 1804, Napoleon grabs the crown out of the Pope’s hands and crowns himself emperor of the French. 

• Napoleon's reforms

-economic: slowed inflation and equaled taxation

-social: introduced the metric system to France

-religious: promoted catholism and established a concordant

-legal: established the NAPOLEONIC CODE OF LAWS.

• Napoleon's accomplishments (military)

Known as one of the greatest military leaders of all time

Nationalism throughout Europe rose during and after his reign

• Napoleon's three big mistakes

-the continental system:France attempts to stop British trades with Europe, the peninsular war : France attacks spain for ignoring te continental system, and the invasion of Russia

• Congress of Vienna (Purpose and consequences)

-Puts a monarch back on its throne, is called how to figure out how to make peace between nations. 

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:

• Explanation causes of the revolution to include:

  • Agriculture

    -change from hand-made to machinery and new farming methods, helped people with jobs

    • Population Explosion

    -people eat healthier and women give birth to healthier babies 

    • Energy Revolution 

    -Machines make doing work easier and life easier. Mass production from machines of goods

    • Why the industrial revolution happened in England

    -The industrial revolution happened in England because they had a colonial empire, their capital, and their geography with mild temperatures, island, and irregular coastline. They also have a large labor supply, natural resources, new technology, and a stable government and economy.

    • Basics of Industrial Society

    -shift from rural to urban machine-based manufacturing. Wage Employment-Instead of working on a farm for a share of the crops and a place to live, people earn wages in factories. Movement from people in farms to cities, and high social mobility. 

    • Rise of the Working class to include

      • Women

    -women would either work in dangerous factories or stay home with the children.

    • Children

    -many worked in dangerous factories were tight and fit into spaces

  • Adam Smith

    • Views on government and the economy

  -free market should regulate business activity. The government should have minimal interference (The government will be able to focus on society and providing public works)

  • Karl Marx

    • Views on government and the economy

  -a battle between the working class and owner, Argues capitalism creates a system of imbalance: favors communism and socialism, favor of the worker, worker needs to form a revolution to overturn capitalism 

  
  

  IMPERIALISM:

  • Vocabulary : quizlet

  • The main motives

    • Economic, social, and political

  -Economic: Industrial revolution created a need for raw materials

  -Social: nationalism and humanatraism 

  -Political: increased political power

  • Control over markets, etc..

  •  Nations involved in imperializing

  -Western Europe and the united states

  • Nations who were imperialized

  -Africa, Asia, Latin America

  • Popular uprising to include

    • Boxer Rebellion 

  -1900- Rebellion in China against imperialism and the open door policy there

  • Boer Wars

  -Fighting was vicious, Britain victorious because of their superior military technology The idea is to have a peaceful solution, however it does not happen when it comes to power and money

  • Zulu Resistance 

-South African tribe that placed an emphasis on military organization and skill

• Sepoy Rebellion

-The sepoys refused to put the cartridges in their mouths and were sent home without pay - they rebelled against this unfair treatment and slaughtered british men, women, and children

• Analyze how the Industrial Revolution brought the imperial age.

-sped up economic development in Europe and US, Established a way that industrial nations viewed their colonies Began to see colonies as: Market for goods, Sources for raw materials Movement from mercantilism to imperialism=deeper control

• Social, political, and economic impacts of imperialism in Africa, India, and China

Africa: shift from subsitence farming to cash crops + plantations, colonial governments replaced traditional structures, adoption of native practices/language/chritstianity, zulu resistance and boer war.

India: colonial governments, cash crops, sepoy rebellion

China: Opium war, open trading

• Open Door Policy (What was it and intended purpose)

- All countries have equal trading rights in the area