Final

The ocean covers nearly of the earth’s surface.

71%

is the most important producer in the marine environment

Phytoplankton

Salinity is the measure of

Concentration of dissolved salts in water

A symbiotic relationship in which both organisms’ benefits

Mutualism

Remoras and sharks experience a _ relationship

Commencil

Water enters a sponge through

Osteocytes/Ostia

Flexible protein fibers of a sponge's skeletal structure:

Spongin

The feeding strategy used by sponges is

Filter Feeding

Which is not a form of reproduction for a sponge?

Regenerate

What does the word benthic mean?

Bottom dweller

The earliest known vertebrates are

Agnatha (hagfish)

Lampreys have which of the following characteristics

Eyes

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the class Chondrichthyes?

They do not have a bony skeleton, their skeleton is made of cartilage

A shark has an organ called the Ampullae of Lorenzini. What is the function of this organ?

A sense organ that detects electrical impulses

What is the function of the swim bladder in fish

The swim bladder is used to control buoyancy

Sharks and rays reproduce by.

Lay eggs and give live birth

The skeletons of sharks and rays are composed of

Cartilage

A sense organ that allows fish to detect the slightest movements in water is the

Lateral Line

What is the function of the caudal fin?

Propulsion

Caudal fins have all the following shapes
EXCEPT

Cubed

The large bony flap that covers the gills is called

Operculum

The angler fish experiences two types of symbiotic relationships. One relationship involves the male angler fish attaching to the female angler fish and the other involves bioluminescent bacteria residing on the angler of the fish. What are the names of the two types of symbiotic relationships.

Parasitism and Mutualism

The term _ refers to the seals, walruses and sea lions.

Pinnipedia

__ have special plates to filter feed on plankton.

Baleen Whale

Humpbacks may be seen _ or leaping out of the water.

Breaching

Layers of fat, or ___, enable whales to live in cold water.

Blubber

Whales travel in extended family groups called .

Pod

Which of the following is a filter feeding marine mammal?

Humpback whales

Why do puffers inflate?

To protect themselves from being eaten.

The marine mammal that cracks shells open with a rock is the

Sea Otter

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all marine mammals?

Cold Blooded

It is thought that whales strand themselves because

Become disoriented due to disease or infection

Mammals feed their young on secretions produced by the mothers

Mammary Glands

Sperm whales feed primarily on

Squid

The spongy mass of tissue responsible for transferring sounds is referred to as

Melon

The function of the whales tail fluke is

Forward Motion

The largest of the whales is

Blue Whale

This whale is sometimes referred to as the unicorn whale

Narwhal

What kind of seals are found off the coast of Montauk and in the Long Island Sound?

Harbor Seals

The largest of the toothed whales is the

Sperm Whale

Which shark is popular in classroom dissections?

Dogfish

The term Echinoderm means

Spiny Skin

What kind of symmetry do adult starfish display?

Radial

What organ system is unique to the phylum echinodermata?

Water Vascular System

What is the name of the muscle that attaches to the tube feet in the starfish?

Ampulla

The water vascular system is involved with all the following life functions EXCEPT

Reproduction

Sea stars are members of the class

Asteroidea

An example of an organism in the class Ophiuroidea is

Basket Star

This organism is defined as having a flattened, immovable endoskeleton made up of fused plates

Sand Dollar

This organism is described as having 5 rows of calcified plates embedded in fleshy pates. In addition, as a defense mechanism this organism will expel its internal organs.

Sea Cucumber

In a sea star, water enters and exits the water vascular system through a structure called the

Madreporite

Organisms in the class Echinoidea are most likely to feed on

Algae

Sea cucumbers expel their internal organs as a defense mechanism in order to give the impression to predators that they have in fact attacked and killed the prey. Their internal organs will then be replaced through the process of

Regeneration

Sea stars are carnivores that eat by inverting their stomach outside of their bodies, engulfing their prey. This is an example of what kind of nutrition.

Heterotrophic

Which statement best describes how sea urchins and sea stars obtain food?

Sea Urchins are grazers and sea stars are predators

Why do sharks have very large livers?

Keep them Buoyant

The largest marine fish is

Whale Shark

A mollusk has , meaning its body can be divided into two equal and opposite halves.

Bilateral Symmetry

Jellyfish use their nematocysts to

Capture Prey

The type of coloration exhibited by most large animals in the open ocean is

Countershading