Study Notes on Jourdon Anderson's Letter to Former Master

Post-Civil War America: 1865 marked a critical period for Black Americans following the Civil War, filled with hope for a new and free society.
Aim of Former Enslavers: Many white southerners, including former enslavers, sought to restore pre-war order, primarily through sharecropping, which often replicated the conditions of slavery.

Anderson expresses relief and gladness that P.H. Anderson has remembered him, despite their troubled past.
- Quote: "I was glad to find that you had not forgotten Jourdon…"
He acknowledges the dangerous environment following the Civil War and expresses concern for P.H. Anderson's safety.
- Context: Reference to the potential repercussions of harboring Confederates, hinting at a complex relationship.

Jourdon confirms he has gained his freedom:
- Quote: "As to my freedom, which you say I can have, there is nothing to be gained on that score, as I got my free papers in 1864…"
Mandy's Concerns: Jourdon mentions that his family, particularly Mandy (presumably his wife), is apprehensive about returning.

Well-Being: Describes his current life in Dayton:
- Monthly income: $25 (including food and clothing).
- Family structure: Jourdon and Mandy have children: Milly, Jane, and Grundy, who attend school and are described as doing well.
Value of Education: Grundy is mentioned as having potential for the clergy, highlighting the importance of education for their future prospects.
Social Perception: The family occasionally overhears derogatory comments about their past. Jourdon reassures his children regarding these perceptions.

Jourdon asks for clarity on the job offer:
- He seeks a clear statement of wages to evaluate moving back.
- Quote: "Now if you will write and say what wages you will give me, I will be better able to decide…"

Anderson raises concerns about the safety of his daughters, Milly and Jane, referencing past violence against black women (implicit reference to Matilda and Catherine).
- This highlights ongoing societal issues even after emancipation.
Demand for Wages: Jourdon articulates the need for accountability and restitution:
- Total unpaid wages calculated for both him and Mandy over their years of service:
- Jourdon's wages = 32 years x $25/month = $11,680
- Mandy's wages = 20 years x $2/week ≈ $2,080
- Total: $11,680 + $2,080 = $13,760 (Plus interest and deductions for expenses).
- Quote: "This will make us forget and forgive old scores…"
Jourdon emphasizes the need for fair compensation as a measure of sincerity and future dealings.

Repercussions of Slavery: Jourdon calls for justice indicating the generational labor without recompense.
- Quote: "Surely there will be a day of reckoning for those who defraud the laborer of his hire."
Value of Labor: Draws parallels between the treatment of enslaved individuals and animals, emphasizing the dehumanization of black laborers.

Jourdon expresses his desire for educational opportunities for his children.
- Highlights a common aspiration among freed individuals for their offspring's success and moral upbringing.
Community Concerns: Inquires about schools for colored children, emphasizing the vital role of education in breaking the cycle of poverty and oppression.

Personal Sign-off: Ends with a personal touch, thanking George Carter for intervening during a violent encounter.
Overall Tone: The letter reflects a blend of hope, caution, and a demand for respect and recognition of past injustices.
- Signifies the transition from servitude to being a respected, self-sufficient member of society.

Letter Source: "Letter from a freedman to his old master," The Freedmen’s Book, Lydia Maria Child, ed. (Boston: 1865), 265-267. Available through Project Gutenberg.