Breakdown

• George III

  • aggressive

  • hard to please

  • High turn over

  • Instable

• Parliamentary

  • Power → #1 authority

• Communication

American View

• Tax power → Col Assembles

• Direct Tax

  • applied to a good

  • Ex- Sales Tax, Stamp Tax

• Indirect tax

  • Producers

    • Price went up

  • Gas

• High Literacy rates

  • weekly journals

  • Newspaper

• Bonds

  • Post 1763

  • British Troops

    • 4,000 troops

    • Ohio Valley

    • British → Peace → Am & Natives

Protests

• Sugar Act

  • Importing of Sugar

  • Price of Rum increased

    • Pay for keep of Empire

  • 1765 - Stamp Act

    • direct tax

    • office class

    • newspaper

    • playing cards

    • (go into effect 1766)

    • Mass boycotts - England

      • Ex- Sons of Liberty and daughters of liberty

Show of Force

• 1768 - Relocation of troops

  • 4k troops

  • Boston

  • Anti- British feeling

• 1770 - Boston Massacre

  • 5 killed

  • Soldiers arrested

  • J. Adams

Collapse

• 1770-73

  • Peaceful

  • Sam Adams

    • Son of Liberty

• 1773- Tea Act

  • British East India C.o (tea)

  • Monopolize (tea trade)

    • cheaper

• Boston Tea Party

  • tea party

  • 342 chests

• Jan 1774 - Coercive Acts/Intolerable

  • Gov of Mass

  • Martial Law

    • Thomas Gage

  • Close port of Boston

  • Militias start forming

Towards Independence

• 1774 - Phila

  • 1st Cont. Congress

    • No Independence

The shot

• Mid- April

  • Lexington & Concord

    • Village greens

      • 1st shot colonies

        • Slatement

• 1st major battle

  • Bunker hill

    • Boston Harbor → British victory (costly)

  • Minutemen

Starting Again

• 1775 - 2nd Congress

• Army - “Continental”

  • G. Washington

• Funding

  • Continentals → Printing → Inflation

  • Suppiles

    • French & Spain → Convert assistance

Common Sense

• Jan 1776

• T. Paine

  • Common Sense

    • Declare Independent

    • Regular Folks

    • Within 1st 3 months (100k copies)

• T. Jefferson

  • Life, Liberty, and happiness

Tale of the Tape

English

• Population

  • 12 mil

  • 3 mil

• Industrial base

• Pro Army (Experienced)

• Powerful Navy

Arm (Colonists)

• Logistics

• Vasteriers

• Leadership

  • G. Washington

  • N. Greene

  • H. Gates

  • H. Anntox

  • B. Arnold

• Morale

Army

• Strategy

  • Long game

  • Less risk

  • “Fielding Army”

  • “Survival

• Militias

  • 13 colonies (informal armies)

  • Control Land

  • Guerilla tactics

  • African Americans

    • 25k - Am & North “freedom”

    • 50k - Brit → Lord Denmore _> “Freedom”

Testing the Will

• 1776

• British - leadership

  • W. Howe

    • Pardon Plan

      • Allegiance

      • Travel to NYC

• 1776 - NY Campaign

  • Terrible for Americans

• Washington Flee to NJ

• Christmas

  • Trenton

  • Princeton

    • Boost Morale

Turning Point

• Oct 1777

  • Battle of Soratoga

    • H. Gates

    • B. Arnold

    • British surrender

• Winter - 1777/78

  • Valley Forge, PA

    • High Death rate

    • Small pox

    • ¼ dead

French Allies

• 1777 Form Alliance

  • Navy

  • Troops

• British

  • Word Conflict

Last Campaign

• 1777 - British

  • W. Howe

  • Lord Cornwallis

  • H. Clinton

• Relocate

  • Boston → NYC→ South Carolina → Loywists

• 1780 → Charleston

• 1781 → Yorktown

  • French Navy

    • Surrender

Loyalists

• Colonists loyal to England

  • 1/3 Patriots

  • 1/3 Loyalists

  • 1/3 Netural

• Colonial mob activity intimidatory

• Relocate 100k loyalist (leave America)

Treaty of Paris

• 1783 - Paris

  • J. Jay

  • J .Adams

  • Spain

  • France

  • Independence

  • LAnds

    • East of Miss

  • Fishing

  • Debts

    • Repaid