Notes on Sports Psychology

Definition of Sports Psychology

• Sports psychology involves a systematic and consistent approach to using mental skills during training and competition.
• It emphasizes the importance of practicing mental skills not only during competitions but also regularly during training sessions to be prepared for the game.

Mental Performance Consultants (MPC and CMPC)

• An MPC is a mental performance consultant, while a CMPC is a certified mental performance consultant.
• CMPCs go through a vetting process, which includes obtaining a graduate degree and completing supervised experience.

Who Uses Sports Psychology?

• Sports psychology can be beneficial for athletes of all ages and skill levels, from youth sports to elite athletes.
• It also extends beyond traditional sports, including tactical athletes (e.g., firefighters, law enforcement) and individuals in other performance roles (e.g., surgeons, public speakers).

Mental Skills in Sports Psychology

• Commonly used mental skills include:
• Relaxation and Stress Control: Managing emotions, arousal levels, and maintaining composure under pressure.
• Focus: Learning to eliminate distractions (e.g., for surgeons or athletes before competition).
• Imagery and Visualization: Using a multisensory approach to mentally rehearse performance, which can enhance confidence and reduce the physical wear and tear from practice.
• Positive Thinking: Important for rebuilding confidence and counteracting negativity.
• Goal Setting: Establishing clear objectives for future performance.
• Self-Talk: Encouraging positive internal dialogues to enhance mental performance.

Control in Performance

• Athletes can control three main aspects:
• Action: What they do physically and prepare for their sport.
• Emotion: Managing feelings and mental state.
• Accountability: Being responsible for their actions and efforts.

Performance vs Mental Health Issues

• Competitive anxiety, lack of motivation, frustration, and self-doubt can affect athletic performance.
• It's critical to distinguish between performance enhancement (sports psychology) and clinical issues (mental health counseling).
• Recognizing and referring athletes with potential mental health disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, eating disorders) is vital.

Professional Structure in Sports Psychology

• The American Psychological Association (APA) is an authoritative body overseeing sports psychology practices.
• CMPC certification requires completing supervised hours and passing an exam, along with continual education every five years.
• Ethics in practice emphasize working within one's training and scope (e.g., not crossing into clinical issues without proper qualifications).

Training Routines and Impacts on Performance

• Routines develop consistent patterns of behavior to help focus and manage stress during competition.
• Athletes should approach high-stakes moments (e.g., playoffs) similarly to regular training to reduce pressure and maintain performance standards.

Growing Conversation Around Mental Health in Sport

• A notable increase in discussions around mental health in sports, with more female athletes seeking help compared to male athletes due to societal pressures regarding emotional expression.
• Awareness is growing for the necessity of addressing mental health alongside physical performance in athletics.