Notes on Sports Psychology

  • Definition of Sports Psychology

    • Sports psychology involves a systematic and consistent approach to using mental skills during training and competition.
    • It emphasizes the importance of practicing mental skills not only during competitions but also regularly during training sessions to be prepared for the game.

  • Mental Performance Consultants (MPC and CMPC)

    • An MPC is a mental performance consultant, while a CMPC is a certified mental performance consultant.
    • CMPCs go through a vetting process, which includes obtaining a graduate degree and completing supervised experience.

  • Who Uses Sports Psychology?

    • Sports psychology can be beneficial for athletes of all ages and skill levels, from youth sports to elite athletes.
    • It also extends beyond traditional sports, including tactical athletes (e.g., firefighters, law enforcement) and individuals in other performance roles (e.g., surgeons, public speakers).

  • Mental Skills in Sports Psychology

    • Commonly used mental skills include:
    • Relaxation and Stress Control: Managing emotions, arousal levels, and maintaining composure under pressure.
    • Focus: Learning to eliminate distractions (e.g., for surgeons or athletes before competition).
    • Imagery and Visualization: Using a multisensory approach to mentally rehearse performance, which can enhance confidence and reduce the physical wear and tear from practice.
    • Positive Thinking: Important for rebuilding confidence and counteracting negativity.
    • Goal Setting: Establishing clear objectives for future performance.
    • Self-Talk: Encouraging positive internal dialogues to enhance mental performance.

  • Control in Performance

    • Athletes can control three main aspects:
    • Action: What they do physically and prepare for their sport.
    • Emotion: Managing feelings and mental state.
    • Accountability: Being responsible for their actions and efforts.

  • Performance vs Mental Health Issues

    • Competitive anxiety, lack of motivation, frustration, and self-doubt can affect athletic performance.
    • It's critical to distinguish between performance enhancement (sports psychology) and clinical issues (mental health counseling).
    • Recognizing and referring athletes with potential mental health disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, eating disorders) is vital.

  • Professional Structure in Sports Psychology

    • The American Psychological Association (APA) is an authoritative body overseeing sports psychology practices.
    • CMPC certification requires completing supervised hours and passing an exam, along with continual education every five years.
    • Ethics in practice emphasize working within one's training and scope (e.g., not crossing into clinical issues without proper qualifications).

  • Training Routines and Impacts on Performance

    • Routines develop consistent patterns of behavior to help focus and manage stress during competition.
    • Athletes should approach high-stakes moments (e.g., playoffs) similarly to regular training to reduce pressure and maintain performance standards.

  • Growing Conversation Around Mental Health in Sport

    • A notable increase in discussions around mental health in sports, with more female athletes seeking help compared to male athletes due to societal pressures regarding emotional expression.
    • Awareness is growing for the necessity of addressing mental health alongside physical performance in athletics.