Bio Test Review

Reviewing the following concepts will help you prepare for the test

1. The Cell and Cell Division

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Cell organelles and their functions – in both plant and animal cells

o Identify them on a diagram

o Which ones carry out cellular respiration/photosynthesis? Reactants and products of

these two processes

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Difference between chromatin, chromatids, chromosomes; role of a centromere

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Difference between diffusion and osmosis

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Cell Cycle – 3 phases and order (interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis)

o Describe what happens at each phase

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Mitosis – prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

o What happens at each phase?; identify each phase by its image

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Cancer – what is metastasis?

2. Organs and Organ Systems (in Animals)

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Order of the hierarchy of structures = cell → tissue→ organ →organ system →organism

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Stem cells - definition

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Types of cells (muscle, neurons, fat, blood, connective) describe function; how is each well

suited for its specific job?

o Which cells rarely repair themselves/regenerate?

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Label the animal organ system diagrams studied: Circulatory, Digestive, Respiratory,

Musculoskeletal, and Nervous

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Details about each system

o Circulatory system: types of blood vessels (capillaries, veins, arteries) – description

and function, where are they found in the body?; components of blood (RBC, WBC,

plasma, platelets); purpose of hemoglobin

o Digestive system: role of accessory organs (pancreas, liver, gallbladder); role of villi in

absorption of nutrients; order food passes through system and how (peristalsis =

involuntary)

o Respiratory system: role of cilia and mucus; role of alveoli during gas exchange;

compare inhalation/exhalation vs. gas exchange; mechanism of action for breathing

(involuntary)

o Musculoskeletal system - different between tendons and ligaments

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Interactions of organ systems (respiratory and circulatory; digestive and circulatory;

musculoskeletal and nervous)

o How do they interact? Which organs specifically? Why do they interact?

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Diseases related to EACH organ system – description; screening methods; treatment/prevention