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Utilitarismo - 4. De qué clase de prueba es susceptible el principio de utilidad
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NoteStudied by 99 peopleExam 2
- Federal Bureau of Investigation-FBI: protects US from threats within US and provides services to local agencies (NCIC, National Crime Lab, VICAP)
- Drug Enforcement Administration-DEA: investigates drug trafficking as they come in US
- Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms-ATF: investigates 3 items as they are transported, imported, and exported in US
- United States Marshals Services: responsible for protecting: Federal Judicial Courts, transporting federal prisoners, running federal witness protection service
- Internal Revenue Service-IRS: Criminal Investigation Division is responsible for: tax evasion, collecting taxes, collecting forfeitures
- Postal Inspection Service: responsible for catching the Unabomber, and investigates postal fraud and mail theft both external and internal
- United States Secret Service: protects the President and investigates counterfeiting, also has a uniformed division to protect the White House.
- United States Wildlife and Fisheries: enforces law pertaining to migratory animals and includes National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Lab
- Border Patrol: responsible for protecting the borders of the US
- United States Coast Guard: is NOT part of the military and is an office of law enforcement, aids all levels of agencies in investigating the smuggling of humans and drugs.
- Department of Homeland Security (since 9/11): Federal Emergency Management Agency-FEMA is responsible for national emergencies both natural and man-made
- Department of Homeland United States Customs Service and Immigration & Immigration Naturalization Service combined to form Immigration and Customs Enforcement-ICE \n responsible for trafficking aliens and for investigating anything imported or exported into US
- Military police: even more specific than federal agencies, they enforce: only military law, against military personnel, or persons located on military bases
- Administrative Agencies: governmental agencies responsible for investigating and enforcing their rules. They often are responsible for regulating businesses and government agencies
- Intelligence Agencies: specialize in collecting information on a variety of topics by collecting data for federal agencies. They DO NOT have law enforcement or arrest powers, but often included with law enforcement agencies
- State Level: Agency specific to their state where their titles vary from state to state and so do the task of the agency; often oversee local agencies during difficult times
- State Police (State Highway Patrol, State Troopers): Either have highway patrols (only traffic) or full law enforcement agencies and often aid local agencies with internal investigations
- Local Level Agency: controlled by local government: their jurisdiction is limited to city/parish government area, funded by local gov, responsible for enforcing state criminal and motor vehicle laws within their state and has the greatest number of officers
- City Police (Lafayette): Law enforcement within city limits; the workhorse of law enforcement and enforce state laws and city ordinances to maintain order
- Sheriff's Office: Law enforcement in rural areas outside the city limits and enforce state laws and city ordinances to maintain order
- Police Misconduct: inappropriate or illegal actions taken by police officers in connection to their duties
- Examples of Police Misconduct: deliberately obtaining false confessions; false arrest; creation and use of falsified evidence, including false testimony; false imprisonment; intimidation; police brutality; police corruption; political repression; racial profiling; sexual abuse; and surveillance abuse. Police drug use is also an emerging form of police \n misconduct.
- Landmark case: Case that sets precedent produces substantial changes both in the understanding the requirements of due process and in the practical day-to-day operations of the justice system
- Warrant: Used in criminal proceedings, a writ issued by judicial officers directing law enforcement officers to perform specific act and affording protection from damages if he or she performs it.
- Exclusionary rule: When evidence that is illegally seized by police cannot be used in a trial.
- Writ of certiorari: A writ or order by which a higher court reviews a decision of a lower court.
- Fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine: Excludes the introduction of any evidence later developed as a result of an illegal search or seizure in a trial
- Good-faith exception: When officers who conduct a search or who seize evidence believing they are operating according to the dictates of the law, who later discover that a mistake was made may still use said evidence in court.
- Probable cause: Legal criteria are based on facts and circumstances that would cause a reasonable person to believe that a particular other person has committed a specific crime.
- Plain view: The ready visibility of objects that might be seized as evidence during a search by police in the absence of a search warrant specifying the seizure of those objects. Officers must have a legal right to be in the viewing area and must have cause to believe the evidence is somehow related within criminal activity.
- Emergency search: A search conducted without a warrant, which is justified on a basis of some immediate and overriding need such as public safety, likely escape of a dangerous suspect, or the removal of destruction of evidence
- Anticipatory warrant: A warrant issued on the basis of probable cause to believe that evidence of a crime, while currently not at the place described, will likely be there when the warrant is executed
- Deadly force: force likely to cause death or great bodily harm
- Less-lethal force: force used to disable, capture, or immobilize, but not kill a suspect
- Administrative search: where the “safety of the many to protect the majority” it where the safety of the many outway the rights of the few
- Terry v. Ohio: States officers have the right to stop and frisk suspects.
- Chimel v. California: States officers have the right to search anything in “arm’s length” but not the entire house without a warrant (Search Incident to a Lawful Arrest)
- Carroll v. US: States officer must have probable cause to search the entire car.
- Carney v. California: States RVs and motorhomes do not need a search warrant like house.
- Brown v. Mississippi: Outlaws any physical to a suspect and states if used is invalid
- Nix (Brewer) v Williams: Inevitable Discovery Doctrine
- Escobedo v. Illinois: States everyone has the right to a lawyer
- Miranda v. Arizona: Created the defendants rights; if you can not afford a lawyer one will be appointed to you.
- New York v. Quarles: Created the People Safety Doctrine
- US v. Watson: Formal arrest and probable cause
- Marbury v. Madison: Created the Judicial Review and no law can stand against the US Constitution
- TN v. Garner: Overruled the Fleeing Felon Rule
- Minnesota v. Dickerson: Plain Feel
- US v. Leon & Sheppard v. Massachusetts: Created the Good Faith Exception
- Weeks v. US & Mapp v. Ohio: Created the Exclusionary Rule
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Explore Top NotesNoteStudied by 5 peopleNoteStudied by 5 peopleNoteStudied by 12 peopleNoteStudied by 80 peopleNoteStudied by 87 peopleNoteStudied by 99 people
Utilitarismo - 4. De qué clase de prueba es susceptible el principio de utilidad
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