ch10 psych

Of course! Here’s your full set of flashcards, including the explanation of hedonic adaptation along with the key terms from Psychology: Themes and Variations (PSYC1010), Chapter 10.

Flashcards for Chapter 10: Motivation & Emotion

Flashcard 1:

• Term: Motivation

• Definition: Goal-directed behavior driven by needs, wants, interests, and desires.

Flashcard 2:

• Term: Homeostasis

• Definition: A state of physiological equilibrium or stability.

Flashcard 3:

• Term: Drive

• Definition: An internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities to reduce this tension.

Flashcard 4:

• Term: Incentive

• Definition: An external goal that has the capacity to motivate behavior.

Flashcard 5:

• Term: Glucose

• Definition: A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.

Flashcard 6:

• Term: Glucostats

• Definition: Neurons sensitive to glucose in the surrounding fluid.

Flashcard 7:

• Term: Obesity

• Definition: The condition of being overweight.

Flashcard 8:

• Term: Body Mass Index (BMI)

• Definition: Weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters) squared (kg/m²).

Flashcard 9:

• Term: Set-Point Theory

• Definition: The body monitors fat-cell levels to keep weight fairly stable.

Flashcard 10:

• Term: Settling-Point Theory

• Definition: Weight tends to drift around the level at which the factors determining food consumption and energy expenditure achieve equilibrium.

Flashcard 11:

• Term: Estrogens

• Definition: The principal class of gonadal hormones in females.

Flashcard 12:

• Term: Androgens

• Definition: The principal class of gonadal hormones in males.

Flashcard 13:

• Term: Parental Investment

• Definition: What each sex has to invest—in terms of time, energy, survival risk, and forgone opportunities—to produce and nurture offspring.

Flashcard 14:

• Term: Sexual Orientation

• Definition: A person's preference for emotional and sexual relationships with individuals of the same sex, the other sex, or either sex.

Flashcard 15:

• Term: Heterosexuals

• Definition: Individuals who seek emotional-sexual relationships with members of the other sex.

Flashcard 16:

• Term: Bisexuals

• Definition: Individuals who seek emotional-sexual relationships with members of either sex.

Flashcard 17:

• Term: Homosexuals

• Definition: Individuals who seek emotional-sexual relationships with members of the same sex.

Flashcard 18:

• Term: Vasocongestion

• Definition: The engorgement of blood vessels.

Flashcard 19:

• Term: Refractory Period

• Definition: A time following orgasm during which males are largely unresponsive to further stimulation.

Flashcard 20:

• Term: Achievement Motive

• Definition: The need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others, and to meet high standards of excellence.

Flashcard 21:

• Term: Emotion

• Definition: A subjective conscious experience (the cognitive component) accompanied by bodily arousal (the physiological component) and characteristic overt expressions (the behavioral component).

Flashcard 22:

• Term: Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)

• Definition: An increase in the electrical conductivity of the skin that occurs when sweat glands increase their activity.

Flashcard 23:

• Term: Polygraph

• Definition: A device that records autonomic fluctuations while a subject is questioned.

Flashcard 24:

• Term: Display Rules

• Definition: Norms that regulate the appropriate expression of emotions.

Flashcard 25:

• Term: Subjective Well-Being

• Definition: Individuals' personal perceptions of their overall happiness and life satisfaction.

Flashcard 26:

• Term: Hedonic Adaptation

• Definition: The phenomenon where the mental scale people use to judge the pleasantness-unpleasantness of their experiences shifts so that their neutral point, or baseline for comparison, changes.

Flashcard 27:

• Term: Argument

• Definition: One or more premises used to provide support for a conclusion.