Evo Psych EXAM 2

Which of the following female mate preferences evolved to solve the adaptive problem of selecting a mate who is able to invest?
a. stength
b. emotional stability
c. symmetry
d. social status

d. social status

Facial and body symmetry reflect

a. masculinity

b. psychological disorder

c. willingness to invest in offspring.

d. good health

According to your textbook, the emotion of "love" is
a. found-cross culturally
b. a recent invention introduced by Europeans.
c. independent of one's commitment to a partner.
d. limited to Eastern cultures.

a. found cross-culturally

In responses to personal adds, women were more apt to respond positively to
a. more attractive men. Surprisingly, a man's age, income, and level of education did not influence women's decisions.
b. older men with higher incomes
c. older men who already had children
d. younger men with higher levels of education.

b. older men with higher incomes

According to your text,
a. women, but not men, prefer mate who are similar to them in terms of political orientation, world views, and intellectual level.
b. men, but not women, prefer mate who are similar to them in terms of political orientation, world views, and intellectual level.
c. both men and women prefer mate who are similar to them in terms of political orientation, world views, and intellectual level (i.e., opposites repel
d. both men and women prefer mate who are dissimilar to them in terms of political orientation, world views, and intellectual level (i.e., opposites attract)

c. both men and women prefer mate who are similar to them in terms of political orientation, world views, and intellectual level (i.e., opposites repel

with respect to economic resources
a. men value economic resources in a potential mate more than women.
b. women value economic resources in a potential mate more than men, but only in first-world countries such as the USA, not in traditional societies.
c. women value economic resources in a potential mate more than men.
d. there is no differences in how men and women value economic resources in a potential mate.

c. women value economic resources in a potential mate more than men.

Reproductive value refers to the number of children a woman

a. is likely to have in the future.

b. is capable of having in the near future (i.e., within the next two years).

c. has in combination with his or her kin.

d. already has

a. is likely to have in the future

The waist-to-hip ratio that men find most attractive in women is about ____
a. 1.0
b. .7
c. .8
d. .9

b. .7

Men's preference for youth in a mate
a. is found mainly in cultures where life expectancy is relatively low (e.g., about 40 years or less).
b. is found across cultures
c. is found mainly in cultures where life expectancy is relatively high (e.g., about 65 years or more).
d. is a confound of boys reaching puberty sooner than girls; it is not found in cultures in which girls reach puberty at a relatively late age.

b. is found across cultures

Men gain increased paternity certainty from marriage by virtue of gaining greater

a. similarity to children.

b. exclusive sexual access to a partner.

c. investment from paternal kin.

d. numbers of children.

b. exclusive sexual access to a partner.

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With respect to the importance of attractiveness in a potential mate,
a. men and women are value attractiveness equally.
b. men value attractiveness more than women.
c. women value attractiveness more than men.
d. men value attractiveness in a mate more than women, but only in societies in which the parasite load is low.

b. men value attractiveness more than women.

Compared with species with lesser amounts of sperm competition, the testes of species with high amounts of sperm competition

a. are smaller.

b. are larger

c. have no size relationship

d. are the same size

b. are larger

Baker and Bellis found that men's sperm count ___________ as a function of the amount of time the couple had spent apart since their last sexual encounter.
a. decreased slightly
b. remained roughly the same
c. increased
d. decreased substantially

c. increased

Women, more than men, fantasize about
a. visual elements of the partner's body.
b. someone with whom they are already romantically involved.
c. switching sexual partners.
d. smooth skin of a partner.

b. someone with whom they are already romantically involved.

A woman retains _________ sperm if she has an orgasm than when she does not.
a. better quality
b. fewer
c. more
d. no more

c. more

Several hypothesized benefits to women for short-term mating have been proposed. According to your textbook, which of the following in NOT one of hypothesized benefit?

a. mate switching

b. genetic benefit

c. mate manipulation

d. parental investment

d. Parental investment

A study from six nations by Schmitt and Shackelford reported that the personality characteristics of extraversion, low levels of agreeableness, and low levels of conscientiousness were associated with
a. a desire for a partner with lower mate value.
b. a desire for a partner with higher mate value.
c. an interest in short-term mating.
d. father absence in childhood.

c. an interest in short-term mating.

Which of the following is not evidence that Thornhill and Palmer present for the position that rape is an adaptation?

a. Rape reflects men’s desire for sexual novelty

b. An increase in sperm count of rape ejaculates.

c. Rape in marriage occurs when infidelity is suspected.

d. Younger (more fertile) women are the most likely victims of rape.

a. Rape reflects men's desire for sexual novelty

Men interpret _______________ by women as indicating more sexual interest than do women.
a. smiling and friendliness
b. revealing clothing worn
c. overt sexual signals
d. flirtation

a. smiling and friendliness

Which of the following is a mate-retention tactic that women use more than men?

a. intrasexual threats

b. submission and self-abasement

c. jealousy induction

d. derogation of competitors

c. jealousy induction

Mate retention tactics are more likely to be used for a younger mate
a. only by women.
b. by both men and women.
c. only by men.
d. only by unmarried couples, not by married couples.

c. only by men

Women married to men who devoted more effort to status striving reported

a. less use of mate-retention tactics (e.g., emotional manipulation, appearance enhancement).

b. more jealousy.

c. more use of mate-retention tactics (e.g., emotional manipulation, appearance enhancement).

d. less jealousy.

c. more use of mate-retention tactics (e.g., emotional manipulation, appearance enhancement).

Men's use of mate-retention efforts
a. do not change when his mate is ovulating, but women increase their mate-retention efforts when they are ovulating.
b. increases when his mate is ovulating.
c. decreases when his mate is ovulating.
d. do not change when his mate is ovulating, but women decrease their mate-retention efforts when they are ovulating.

b. increases when his mate is ovulating.

Paternity uncertainty implies

a. that a male suspects that a child is not his own.

b. the uncertainty of fathering offspring in the future.

c. the existence of female strategy to secure paternal investment from multiple male

d. that there is always some probability that another male has fertilized the female’s egg(s).

d. that there is always some probability that another male has fertilized the female's egg(s).

Daly and Wilson found that children living with one genetic parent and one stepparent were roughly _____________ to be murdered than children living with both genetic parents.
a. 10 times more likely
b. 20 times more likely
c. 5 or fewer times more likely
d. 40 to 100 times more likely

d. 40 to 100 times more likely

The risk of being murdered by a genetic parent or stepparent ____________ as children get older.
a. increases
b. decreases
c. increases slightly
d. does no change

b. decreases

"Parents will produce more sons and invest more in sons when the parents are in good condition and hence have a chance of producing a son who will be highly successful in the mating game." This is the core insight of the
a. Triver's parental investment hypothesis.
b. Darwin's sexual selection hypothesis.
c. Daly-Wilson hypothesis.
d. Trivers-Willard hypothesis.

d. Trivers-Willard hypothesis.

The likelihood of an infant being killed by its mother
a. is highest for older women (over 35 years)
b. is highest for younger women (under 20 years)
c. is highest for women in their peak fertility years (between 20 and 24 years)
d. is not related to maternal age.

b. is highest for younger women (under 20 years)

Haig has suggested that parent-offspring conflict begins in utero. One source of evidence for this is fetal production
a. of hormones that accelerates the rate of its own growth.
b. of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which has the effect of preventing the mother from menstruating and thus allows the fetus to remain implanted.
c. of hormones that decelerates the rate of its own growth.
d. of hormones that increases the amount of dopamine in the mother's brain

b. of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which has the effect of preventing the mother from menstruating and thus allows the fetus to remain implanted.

Researchers such as Euler and Weitzel, among others, have found that
a. residential distance mediates relationships between grandparental type and reported solicitude.
b. paternal grandfathers invest more in their grandchildren than maternal grandfathers.
c. paternal grandmothers invest more in their grandchildren than maternal grandmothers.
d. maternal grandmothers invest more in their grandchildren than paternal grandmothers.

d. maternal grandmothers invest more in their grandchildren than paternal grandmothers.

In Hamilton’s rule, c < rb, c is the cost to the individual, r is the relatedness of the actor to the recipient, and b is the benefit to the recipient. Hamilton’s rule is used to explain

a. sexual selection.

b. women’s preference for men with high status.

c. men’s preference for women with high reproductive value.

d. altruism

Daly, Salmon, and Wilson proposed that certain aspects of kinship psychology would be universal (i.e., found in all cultures). According to your book, which of the following is NOT one universal aspect?
a. making critical distinctions along lines of sex.
b. bidirectionality of kin altruism.
c. ego-centered kin terminology
d. making generation distinctions.

b. bidirectionality of kin altruism.

Research in a Caribbean village by Flinn and his colleagues examined cortisol levels, an indication of stress, in children. Flinn reported that children in households with a stepfather and half sibs and in households with distant relatives showed
a. the lowest levels of cortisol.
b. the highest levels of cortisol, but the lowest levels of behavioral stress.
c. the highest levels of cortisol.
d. the lowest levels of cortisol, but the highest levels of behavioral stress.

c. the highest levels of cortisol.

In studies examining investments in children by aunts and uncles,
a. maternal aunts invest more than paternal aunts.
b. paternal aunts invest more than maternal aunts.
c. there is no difference in investment of maternal and paternal uncles.
d. total investment is lowest, overall, through the maternal line.

a. maternal aunts invest more than paternal aunts.

According to your book, emotional closeness and a willingness to act altruistically are related to
a. genetic relatedness.
b. predator confusion.
c. propinquity.
d. degree of association (as among close friends)

a. genetic relatedne