Forensics 2.0

Here is a set of flashcards covering all the requested topics from the slides:

Forensic Science Basics

🃏 Q: What do forensic scientists do?
🔹 A: They collect and analyze physical evidence, report findings to law enforcement, and may testify in court.

🃏 Q: What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative data?
🔹 A:

• Quantitative data: Measurable (e.g., weight, height, mass).

• Qualitative data: Descriptive (e.g., color, shape, texture).

🃏 Q: What is deductive reasoning?
🔹 A: Drawing a conclusion based on known facts using logical steps.

Memory & Observation

🃏 Q: What are the stages of memory?
🔹 A:

1. Perception/Attention – Initial sensory intake.

2. Encoding – Information is categorized.

3. Short-Term Memory – Temporary storage.

4. Long-Term Memory – Retained for future recall.

🃏 Q: How does a person’s emotional state impact what they see?
🔹 A:

• Stress, anxiety, or strong emotions can distort perception.

• Fear can interfere with memory recall.

• Witnesses may overlook details under stress.

🃏 Q: Name ten factors that affect observational skills.
🔹 A:

1. Being alone vs. in a group

2. Number and types of people/animals

3. Surrounding activity

4. Visual abilities

5. Health condition

6. Fatigue/stress levels

7. Emotional involvement

8. Electronic distractions

9. Disguises

10. Cognitive bias

Eyewitness Testimony & Interviews

🃏 Q: What steps do investigators take to determine if witness testimony is accurate?
🔹 A:

• Separate witnesses to prevent influence.

• Ask open-ended questions.

• Compare statements with evidence.

• Look for inconsistencies.

🃏 Q: How much guidance should an interviewer provide to a witness?
🔹 A: Minimal to avoid influencing memory.

🃏 Q: What are the four interviewing techniques?
🔹 A:

1. Separate witnesses – Prevents influence.

2. Write down observations immediately – Reduces memory contamination.

3. Ask open-ended questions – Encourages details.

4. Recount events forward and backward – Detects false memories.

🃏 Q: Why ask a witness to recount their story forward and backward?
🔹 A:

• Harder to maintain false memories in reverse.

• Inconsistencies can indicate dishonesty.

• Strengthens recall of actual events.

🃏 Q: What is the cognitive interview?
🔹 A: A memory-retrieval technique using:

1. Reinstating context – Recall setting details.

2. Reporting everything – Witness shares all observations.

3. Reversing order – Story told backward.

4. Changing perspectives – View from different angles.

🃏 Q: What are the additional components of the enhanced cognitive interview?
🔹 A:

1. Rapport building – Comforting the witness.

2. Supportive behavior – Avoiding interruptions.

3. Transfer of control – Witness leads the conversation.

4. Focused retrieval – Using only open-ended questions.

5. Witness-compatible questioning – Following the witness’s thought process.

Criminal Profiling & Investigative Techniques

🃏 Q: What is a criminal personality profile?
🔹 A: An analysis predicting the personality, behavior, and habits of a suspect based on crime scene evidence and victimology.

🃏 Q: When can profiling be productive?
🔹 A:

• When crimes show psychological patterns (e.g., sadistic torture, postmortem mutilation).

• When evidence suggests a mental disorder.

🃏 Q: What steps must crime scene investigators take to assist profilers?
🔹 A:

1. Document the scene (photos, sketches, reports).

2. Collect all forensic materials.

3. Conduct victimology research.

🃏 Q: What is victimology, and what items are needed for a profile?
🔹 A:

• Victimology: Study of the victim’s life, habits, and background to identify a suspect.

• Needed items:

  1. Crime scene photos

  2. Neighborhood demographics

  3. Medical examiner’s report

  4. Victim’s travel history

  5. Full incident report

  6. Background on the victim

Organized vs. Disorganized Killers

🃏 Q: What is the difference between an organized and disorganized killer?
🔹 A:

• Organized Killer: Plans the crime, leaves little evidence, socially competent.

• Disorganized Killer: Acts impulsively, leaves evidence, socially isolated.

🃏 Q: What is the profile of an organized serial killer?
🔹 A:

• Intelligent, well-groomed, lives far from the crime scene.

• Targets victims deliberately, uses restraints.

• Hides body, removes evidence, may transport the victim.

🃏 Q: What is the profile of a disorganized serial killer?
🔹 A:

• Below-average intelligence, socially awkward.

• Kills impulsively, leaves body at the crime scene.

• No clean-up, evidence left behind.

Types of Multiple Murderers

🃏 Q: What are the three types of multiple murderers?
🔹 A:

1. Mass Murderer – Kills multiple victims at once in one location.

2. Spree Murderer – Kills multiple victims over a short time in different locations.

3. Serial Murderer – Kills multiple victims in separate events over time.

Serial Killers & Motivations

🃏 Q: What motivates serial killers?
🔹 A:

• Psychological urges linked to power, control, or personal gratification.

🃏 Q: What are the four types of serial killers?
🔹 A:

1. Visionary – Feels commanded to kill.

2. Mission-Oriented – Seeks to "cleanse" society.

3. Hedonistic – Kills for pleasure (lust, thrill, comfort).

4. Power/Control – Enjoys dominance over victims.

🃏 Q: What are the nine stages of a serial killer?
🔹 A:

1. Genetic predisposition

2. Abusive or neglectful mother

3. Absent or abusive father

4. Unstable home environment

5. Childhood trauma (ages 3-5)

6. Brain injury

7. Bullying

8. Sexual abuse (ages 8-11)

9. Hormonal/chemical imbalances

Psychopathy & Sociopathy

🃏 Q: What is antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)?
🔹 A: A disorder where a person consistently violates others' rights and lacks remorse.

🃏 Q: What are the six criteria for diagnosing ASPD?
🔹 A:

1. Failure to conform to social norms

2. Deceitfulness

3. Impulsivity

4. Irritability/aggressiveness

5. Consistent irresponsibility

6. Lack of remorse

🃏 Q: What is the difference between a sociopath and a psychopath?
🔹 A:

• Sociopaths – Impulsive, emotional, prone to outbursts.

• Psychopaths – Calculated, manipulative, lack empathy.

🃏 Q: How do sociopaths and psychopaths differ in relationships?
🔹 A:

• Sociopaths – Unstable personal lives, short-term relationships.

• Psychopaths – Use relationships for manipulation, no emotional attachment.

These flashcards cover all the requested topics in a study-friendly format. Let me know if you need any adjustments! 😊