0. Sensation v. Perception: detecting stimuli vs. interpreting and organizing those stimuli.

1. Absolute Threshold: The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time.

2. JND (Just Noticeable Difference): How much stimulus must change before it becomes noticeably different.

3. Sensory adaptation: reduced sensitivity to stimulation that results from repeated or prolonged exposure to that stimulation.

4. Weber’s Law: The principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant percentage (rather than a constant amount). (Ex: if it’s loud you need to shout, if it’s quiet you need to whisper.)

5. Synesthesia:

6. Lens: focuses images on retina, accommodates in order to focus on a specific object by changing shape.

7. Retina: neural tissue lining the back of the eyeball’s interior, which contains the receptors for vision. transduces light energy into electrochemical energy.

8. Iris: controls amount of light that gets into eye, colored part of the eye.

9. Pupil: opening in iris, iris widens or dilates to let in more light.

10. Cornea: transparent, protects eye and bends light toward lens.

11. Optic Nerve:

12. Ganglion Cells: The last layer of photoreceptors within the retina that sends signals to the brain resulting from visual stimulation.

13. Transduction: the process of converting one form of energy into another (physical energy to electrical signals).

14. Blind spot: where no rods or cones exist.

15. Photoreceptors,

16. Rods v. cones: Not involved in color vision, works in low light vs. involved in color vision, works in bright light.

17. Accommodation,

18. Nearsighted v Farsighted: too much curvature in cornea (sees near) vs. too little curvature in cornea (sees far).

19. Trichromatic Theory v Opponent-Process Theory: All colors are made from 3 colors vs. 2 opponent systems (blue-yellow & red-green).

20. Blue v Green v. Red Cones

21. Afterimages: visual sensations that remain after stimulus is removed.

22. Dichromatism

23. Monochromatism

24. Prosopagnosia Blindsight

25. Wavelength v Amplitude,

26. Place Theory

27. Volley Theory

28. Frequency Theory,

29. Sound Localization

30. Conduction Deafness,

31. Sensorineural Deafness,

Parts of the Ear

32. Inner, Outer, Middle Ear

33. Tympanic Membrane

34. Cochlea

35. Hair Cells

36. Olfactory Bulb

37. Transduction of nose

38. Gustation

39. Structures of the Tongue

40. Taste receptors

41. Chemical Senses,

42. Transduction of touch

43. Warm v. cold receptors,

44. Gate Control Theory

45. Phantom Limb

46. Vestibular v Kinesthetic semi-circular canals

47. proprioception