week 2 review phil history

Page 1: Introduction

• Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela

• College of Education, Arts and Sciences

• Department of Social Sciences

• Readings in Philippine History with Indigenous Peoples Study GE 9

• Instructor: Reynold P. Alcantara

Page 2: Pre-Colonial People

• Boxer Codex: A 16th-century Spanish manuscript.

  • Contains illustrations of the inhabitants of the Philippines and other regions like China and Japan.

  • Original manuscript located at Indiana University.

Page 3: Pre-Colonial Government

• Barangay: Basic political and economic unit.

  • Composed of hundreds of people and a small territory.

  • Headed by a raja or datu.

• Sultanate of Sulu: Muslim state ruling over Sulu Sea islands.

  • Established around 1457; had tributes with China during the 17th-18th centuries.

• Judicial process: Chieftains acted as judges; trials were public and involved a jury of barangay elders.

  • Witnesses swore oaths of truthfulness.

Page 4: Pre-Colonial Religion

• Beliefs in immortality and afterlife.

  • Existence of various gods worshipped with offerings.

  • Manunggul Jar: A burial jar found in Palawan, dating back to 890-710 B.C.

  • Represents beliefs in life after death.

Page 5: Pre-Colonial Gods

• Bathala: Supreme god.

• Diwata: Deity.

• Amanikable: God of hunters.

• Idiyanale: Goddess of labor.

• Ikapati: Goddess of cultivated land.

• Anagolay: Goddess of lost things.

• Mayari: Goddess of the moon.

• Apolaki: God of the sun.

• Diyan Masalanta: Goddess of love and childbirth.

Page 6: Pre-Colonial Education

• Baybayin: Pre-Spanish writing system from the Brahmic family, in use since 16th century.

  • Continued during Spanish colonization until late 19th century.

  • Term "Baybay" means "to spell" in Tagalog.

• Education was informal, with tribal tutors teaching vocations.

• In the South, Islamic education was imparted by Imams.

Page 7: Pre-Colonial Society

• Ruling class:

  • Lakan/Rajah: Paramount leader of large towns.

• Maginoo: Noble class with a following, responsible for governance and warfare.

• Timaua: Free non-slave citizens who could land.

• Maharlika: Wealthy individuals rendering military service.

• Alipin (slaves): Divided into namamahay (own house) and sa gigilid (living with debtor).

Page 8: Reflection Questions

• Inquiry on whether early Filipinos were uncivilized as claimed by colonizers.

Page 9: Spanish Colonization Overview

• Key figures: Ferdinand Magellan, Garcia Jofre de Loaisa, Sebastian Cabot, Alvaro de Saavedra, Ruy Lopez de Villalobos, and Miguel Lopez de Legazpi.

Page 10: Spanish Colonial Government

• Period from 1565 to 1898, known as Spanish Colonial Period.

  • Philippines ruled under Captaincy General as part of Spanish East Indies.

  • Initially under Viceroyalty of New Spain until Mexican independence in 1821.

Page 11: Velarde Map

• Produced in 1734, significant for being the first scientific map of the Philippines.

  • Created by Jesuit cartographer, engraver, and artist.

Page 12: Economic Systems in Colonial Era

• Bandala System: Forced selling of goods to government at low prices.

• Polo y Servicios: Mandatory labor for males aged 16-60, often in hazardous conditions.

• Tributo: Tax imposed on Filipinos as loyalty to the Spanish crown.

Page 13: First Mass in the Philippines

• March 1521: First Mass held by Father Pedro Valderama, attended by Magellan and local rulers.

• Notable figures: Ferdinand Magellan, Rajah Kolambu, Rajah Si-Agu.

• Significant as the birth of Catholicism in the Philippines.

Page 14: Lapu-Lapu's Resistance

• On April 27, 1521, Lapu-Lapu resisted Spanish invasion and killed Magellan.

• Recognized as the first Filipino to repel European aggression.

Page 15: GomBurZa and Propaganda Movement

• Highlighted the preservation of clergy governance.

• Secularization implemented under Governor-General Simon de Anda.

Page 16: Frailocracy

• Definition: Government where church and state are intertwined; ruled by friars.

• Impact on governance and control over Filipinos, as detailed in Marcelo H. Del Pilar's satirical works.

• Sampung Utos ng Prayle: Sarcastic critique of friar abuses.

Page 17: Reflection Questions on Frailocracy

• Inquiry into Marcelo Del Pilar's references and messages.

• Analysis of portrayal of friars in his works.

Page 18: Juan Luna's Spolarium

• Discussion on symbolism and messages in the painting.

Page 19: Propaganda Movement Overview

• Key figures include Rizal, Del Pilar, and Jaena, founded in 1882.

• Aimed for reforms through peaceful means.

• Published in La Solidaridad.

Page 20: First Phase of the Philippine Revolution (1896-1897)

• Key events: Arrest and trial of Bonifacio, discovery of the KKK, Aguinaldo's exile.

Page 21: Kartilya ng Katipunan

• Guidelines of the Katipunan espoused by Emilio Jacinto with moral principles.

Page 22: Bonifacio's Death

• Financial value of confession letters regarding his execution.

Page 23: Tejeros Convention

• Gathering between factions to resolve disputes and form a government.

• Key figures: Emilio Aguinaldo (President), Andres Bonifacio (Director of the Interior).

Page 24: Significant Dates in the Philippine Revolution

• Timeline outlining events from Aguinaldo's return to the Treaty of Paris in 1898.

Page 25: Assassination of General Antonio Luna

• Impact on the Philippine-American War and internal political struggles.

Page 26: Symbolism in Political Cartoons

• Analysis of messages in cartoons depicting American leadership and Filipino identity.

Page 27: Japanese Occupation Overview

• Duration (1942-1945) and resistance efforts.

  • Notable events and impact on Filipinos during WWII.

Page 28: Japanese-sponsored Republic

• Inauguration with Dr. Jose P. Laurel as President highlighting wartime governance.

Page 29: MacArthur's Landing

• General Douglas MacArthur's return marked a pivotal restoration of government post-occupation.

Page 30: Bataan Death March

• Forced march of Filipino and American soldiers with high death tolls, significant symbol of wartime atrocities.

Page 31: Commemorating Historical Figures

• Mention of notable patriots and the legacy of their contributions to Filipino history.

Page 32: Timeline of Philippine Independence Events

• Significant historical events from independence to recent presidents and democracy developments.

Page 33: Reflection on Philippine Presidents

• Encourages naming presidents from post-war to present.

Page 34: Key Presidents in History

• Information about the last president of the Commonwealth and first of the Third Republic.

Page 35: Treaty of Manila

• Marked the restoration of sovereignty for the Philippines, shifting Independence Day to June 12.

Page 36: Martial Law in the Philippines

• Overview of events, key figures, and implications of Martial Law imposed by Marcos.

Page 37: Key Points on Martial Law

• Summary of human rights violations and societal impacts during the period.

Page 38: Philippine External Debt

• Overview of external debt from 1965 to present, highlighting trends under different administrations.

Page 39: The Burden of External Debt

• Insight into how each administration contributed to the increase of external debt in the Philippines.

Page 40: Duterte's Spending Policies

• Evaluation of Duterte's administration borrowing and economic impact.

Page 41: Activity Reflection

• Task assigned to reflect on a significant historical event in Philippine history.