Insel_18e_Brief_Ch01_PPT_ACCESS

Introduction to Health and Wellness

• Learning has a significant impact on health.

Chapter 1 Overview

• Health: Overall condition of body/mind and absence of illness/injury.

• Wellness: Optimal health and vitality, involves conscious decisions affecting risk factors.

Dimensions of Wellness

• Interrelated dimensions continuously interact; changes in one can affect another.

  • Physical Wellness:

    • Healthy eating, regular exercise, sleep and checkups.

  • Interpersonal Wellness:

    • Strong communication, intimacy, relationships, and support systems.

  • Environmental Wellness:

    • Access to clean resources, safe neighborhoods, sustainable practices.

  • Emotional Wellness:

    • Attributes such as optimism, trust, self-esteem, and emotional understanding.

  • Cultural Wellness:

    • Foster relationships with diverse individuals while valuing one's identity.

  • Financial Wellness:

    • Understanding money management, living within means, saving.

  • Intellectual Wellness:

    • Openness to ideas, critical thinking, creativity, and lifelong learning.

  • Spiritual Wellness:

    • Emphasizes love, compassion, and connection to a greater purpose.

  • Occupational Wellness:

    • Enjoyment in work, value by management, and coworker relationships.

Life Expectancy Factors

• Life Expectancy: Average expected lifespan of a population.

  • Up to 25% can be attributed to genetic factors.

  • Factors shortening lifespan include smoking, obesity, drug use

  • Education linked to increased lifespan.

Changes in Life Expectancy

• Life expectancy increased significantly in the 20th century due to:

  • Managing infectious diseases, vaccinations, and improved living conditions.

• Major cause of decline in life expectancy noted in recent years:

  • Opioid epidemic and obesity crisis.

Leading Causes of Death (2020-2021)

1. Heart Disease: 693,021 deaths (20%) - lifestyle factors include diet and inactivity.

2. Cancer: 604,553 deaths (17.5%) - similar risk factors.

3. Covid-19: 415,399 deaths (13.3%) - exacerbated by lifestyle factors.

4. Unintentional Injuries (Accidents): 219,487 deaths (6.4%) - includes motor vehicles and drug overdoses.

5. Stroke: 160,264 deaths (4.7%).

6. Other: Lower respiratory diseases, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, liver disease, etc.

Health Promotion and Policy

• Health Promotion: Enabling control over health determinants (NIH, CDC).

• Affordable Care Act (ACA): Facilitates access to health coverage, allows youth to remain on parental plans until age 26.

Healthy People Initiative

• Objectives for Healthy People 2030:

  • Eliminate preventable diseases and achieve health equity.

  • Promote healthy environments and behaviors across the lifespan.

Health Disparities

• Disparities linked to social and economic factors highlighted during the Covid-19 pandemic:

  • Factors: sex, race, income, education, disability, geographic location, and sexual orientation.

Influences on Wellness

• Key factors:

  • Genetics, environment, access to healthcare, personal behaviors.

Lifestyle Management for Wellness

• Behavior Change: Steps include assessing habits, selecting target behaviors, learning, and seeking assistance.

• Building Motivation: Weigh pros/cons, self-efficacy, identify obstacles.

  • Stages of Change: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, Termination.

Dealing with Relapse

• Understand that setbacks are common; plan for them and learn from experiences.

Personal Change Plan Development

1. Monitor behavior, set SMART goals.

2. Create action plan: modify environment, seek support, reward successes.

Health Maintenance

• Ongoing process: don’t stop behaviors once initiated, aim to foster a wellness-supportive environment.

Review of Key Concepts

• Define wellness, health promotion efforts, factors influencing wellness, lifestyle management methods, and promoting lifelong wellness.