Psychology Unit 5

Schizophrenia Spectrum – A severe disorder with hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.

Psychotic Disorders – Mental disorders that affect thinking and perception of reality (e.g., schizophrenia).

Bipolar and Related Disorders – Extreme mood swings between highs (mania) and lows (depression).

Depressive Disorders – Ongoing sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest.

Anxiety Disorders – Constant fear or worry that affects daily life.

Trauma and Stress Disorders – Caused by experiencing or witnessing something terrifying.

Autism Spectrum Disorder – Difficulty with communication and social interaction, with repetitive behaviors.

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) – Trouble focusing, sitting still, and controlling impulses.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – Flashbacks, anxiety, and nightmares after a traumatic event.

Acute Stress Disorder – Short-term stress reaction after trauma, usually within a month.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) – Repeated, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions).

Substance Use Disorder – Addiction to drugs or alcohol, causing major problems in life.

Phobia – Intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.

Social Anxiety – Extreme fear of being judged in social settings.

Low Self-Esteem – Believing you are not worthy or good enough.

Dream Interpretation – Analyzing dreams to understand inner thoughts or conflicts.

Systematic Desensitization – Slowly reducing fear by pairing it with relaxation.

Token Economy – Rewarding good behavior with tokens that can be exchanged for rewards.

Cognitive Therapy – Changing negative thought patterns.

Behavioral Therapy – Using learning techniques (like rewards) to change behavior.

Psychoanalysis – Exploring unconscious thoughts and past conflicts (Freud).

Humanistic Therapy – Helping people grow by focusing on self-acceptance and potential.

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) – Challenging irrational thoughts to change emotions (Albert Ellis).

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) – Combining thinking changes and behavior changes to treat disorders.

Evidence-Based Practice – Using the best research to choose effective treatments.

Sigmund Freud – Created psychoanalysis; focused on unconscious mind.

Aaron Beck – Developed cognitive therapy to treat depression.

Albert Ellis – Created REBT, focused on replacing irrational thoughts.

Carl Rogers – Humanistic therapist, believed in unconditional positive regard.

B.F. Skinner – Behaviorist; studied reinforcement and punishment.

Joseph Wolpe – Created systematic desensitization.

Mary Cover Jones – Helped treat fear in children (early behavioral therapy).