Taylor Swift Connection:

Like Taylor in the Fearless Era trying to grow and find herself as a person and wanting a fairytale life, the colonizers are determining who they are as a colony and want a perfect land and freedom. Anne Hutchison is also Fearless

Southern Colonies

Virginia, Carolinas, Maryland, Georgia

Virginia: 1607

1607: Jamestown

• First Permanent British Colony

  • Charter Colony: Virginia Company

• Goal: Find Gold

• Settlement:

  • Attacked by Native Americans in Chesapeake Bay and settled in nearby swamp

    • Mosquitos spread disease

    • No fresh water

    • Cannot farm

• Typical Settler: Young Men in 20’s

  • Lazy gentlemen not used to working

  • Spent time looking for gold and not provisions

• John Smith: Jamestown’s first leader

  • Institute Military Rule: No Work? Can’t Eat

  • Injured and returns to England—>things get bad again

• 1609-1610:Starving Time

  • People eat dogs, cats, mice, and corpses

  • 60 out of 838 people survive

  • Virginia becomes Royal Colony: colony under King’s Control

*Powhatan Confederacy: loosely affiliated tribes under Native American leader Powhatan—>Fails

1617: House of Burgesses

• Colonial Assembly/Representative Democracy that ran Virginia

• Controlled Power of the Purse —> Money

1676: Bacon’s Rebellion

• Fight against William Berkeley over land

• Impact: Nothing but shows class struggle in South

• Governor William Berkeley

  • Crown Appointed Governor of Virginia

  • Upperclass Aristocrat

• Nathanial Bacon

  • Leader of poor indentured servants

  • Wanted to fight with Native Americans to gain land-Berkeley said No

Headright System: 50 acres offered to any settler who comes to America

John Rolfe

• Discovers new sweet Tobacco—>British Demand

• Tobacco is labor intensive—>New Labor source needed

  • Indentured Servants replaced by Slave System (1619)

    • Mingling not allowed-Ridged class system

• Plantation owners: Upperclass Aristocrats that run the South

Maryland: 1634

• Founder: Lord Baltimore

  • granted land by King

• Religious Tolerance however Catholics couldn’t vote

• Good relationship with Native Americans

Carolinas: 1663 and 1665

• Founder: Multiple people given land by King but Anthony Ashley Cooper encouraged settlement

• Economy: Trade and Agriculture

  • Hardest Slave System in the Colonies-Barbados Slave Import

    • 1739: Stono Uprising

      • Slave Rebellion in South Carolina

      • Failure: Led to worse treatment of slaves

Georgia: 1733

• Founder: James Oglethorpe

• Why:

  • Colony for Debtors: “Haven for Poor People”

  • Buffer Colony between Spanish and British Territory

Middle Colonies

New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware

• Fertile Soil—>Bread Colonies

• Rivers: Expanded trade and travel to frontier

• Seaports

• “Town Meeting”/Landowner Government Mixture

• Newspapers: John Peter Zenger Trail (1790’s)

  • Freedom of Press

New York: 1623/1624

• Dutch Colony: New Netherland

• Company Town: Fur Trade

• Church Calvinists: Led by Aristocrats

• Renamed New York by British

Pennsylvania: 1681

• Founder: William Penn

  • “Holy Experiment”

• Quakers:

  • Religious Freedom but Jewish and Catholic settlers can’t vote

  • Peaceful: Anti-War/Slavery

• Government: Landowner democratic assembly

Northern Colonies aka New England

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode IslanD, and Connecticut

Religion: Puritans

Settlements:

1620: Plymouth, Massachusetts

• Pilgrims: Left England because they didn’t like Church of England

• Mayflower Compact: Direct Democracy

• Governor William Bradford: only Puritans in Plymouth

1630’s: Massachusetts Bay Colony:

• Governor William Bradford: “City on a Hill”

Beliefs:

1. Bible is #1

2. God controls all

3. Salvation only requires faith in Jesus

4. Follow the Bible exactly

Protestant Work Ethic-Very Important

External Problems:

New Immigration to America: Not Puritans

Enlightenment: People have free will and can live how they want

• John Lock

  • Human Rights:

    • Life

    • Liberty

    • Property

Deism: New Religion

• Idea: God made the world but isn’t involved anymore

• Followers: Thomas Jefferson and Ben Franklin

Internal Problems:

• Dissenters: Church Members go against Leadership

  • Rodger Williams: Separation of Church and State

  • Anne Hutchison: Antinomianism

• Materialistic: Work Ethic turned them successful and they became more materialistic

  • “Coffins to Coffers”

• Change of Generation: Change in Values-Pilgrim Values less important over time

• Halfway Covenant: change in Baptism Rules- Descendants of Puritans can be Baptized

  • Aimed to increase Church numbers-Didn’t work

• Salem Witch Trials: 1692

  • Town killed woman accused of witchcraft

  • Puritans look crazy

  • Loss of Community

• First Great Awakening: 1730’s

  • Puritan Revival: Johnathan Edwards

  • Backfires: People start to listen to “rouge” preachers who speak of enlightenment

Government:

• Gave out land based on family need: Care for Community

• Town = Center of Life

• “Colonial Assembly”:Direct Democracy

  • Only members of Church can vote

Economy: Diverse

Fur Trade

Lumber

Town Jobs

Ship Building

Fishing

Small Farms