Fearless: 13 Colonies (1607-1754)

Taylor Swift Connection:
Like Taylor in the Fearless Era trying to grow and find herself as a person and wanting a fairytale life, the colonizers are determining who they are as a colony and want a perfect land and freedom. Anne Hutchison is also Fearless

Southern Colonies

Virginia, Carolinas, Maryland, Georgia

Virginia: 1607

1607: Jamestown
First Permanent British Colony
Charter Colony: Virginia Company
Goal: Find Gold
Settlement:
Attacked by Native Americans in Chesapeake Bay and settled in nearby swamp
Mosquitos spread disease
No fresh water
Cannot farm
Typical Settler: Young Men in 20’s
Lazy gentlemen not used to working
Spent time looking for gold and not provisions
John Smith: Jamestown’s first leader
Institute Military Rule: No Work? Can’t Eat
Injured and returns to England—>things get bad again
1609-1610:Starving Time
People eat dogs, cats, mice, and corpses
60 out of 838 people survive
Virginia becomes Royal Colony: colony under King’s Control
{{*Powhatan Confederacy: loosely affiliated tribes under Native American leader Powhatan—>Fails{{
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1617: House of Burgesses
Colonial Assembly/Representative Democracy that ran Virginia
Controlled Power of the Purse —> Money
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1676: Bacon’s Rebellion
Fight against William Berkeley over land
Impact: Nothing but shows class struggle in South
Governor William Berkeley
Crown Appointed Governor of Virginia
Upperclass Aristocrat
Nathanial Bacon
Leader of poor indentured servants
Wanted to fight with Native Americans to gain land-Berkeley said No
Headright System: 50 acres offered to any settler who comes to America
John Rolfe
Discovers new sweet Tobacco—>British Demand
Tobacco is labor intensive—>New Labor source needed
Indentured Servants replaced by Slave System (1619)
Mingling not allowed-Ridged class system
Plantation owners: Upperclass Aristocrats that run the South

Maryland: 1634

Founder: Lord Baltimore
granted land by King
Religious Tolerance however Catholics couldn’t vote
Good relationship with Native Americans

Carolinas: 1663 and 1665

Founder: Multiple people given land by King but Anthony Ashley Cooper encouraged settlement
Economy: Trade and Agriculture
Hardest Slave System in the Colonies-Barbados Slave Import
1739: Stono Uprising
Slave Rebellion in South Carolina
Failure: Led to worse treatment of slaves

Georgia: 1733

Founder: James Oglethorpe
Why:
Colony for Debtors: “Haven for Poor People”
Buffer Colony between Spanish and British Territory

Middle Colonies

New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware
Fertile Soil—>Bread Colonies
Rivers: Expanded trade and travel to frontier
Seaports
“Town Meeting”/Landowner Government Mixture
Newspapers: John Peter Zenger Trail (1790’s)
Freedom of Press

New York: 1623/1624

Dutch Colony: New Netherland
Company Town: Fur Trade
Church Calvinists: Led by Aristocrats
Renamed New York by British

Pennsylvania: 1681

Founder: William Penn
“Holy Experiment”
Quakers:
Religious Freedom but Jewish and Catholic settlers can’t vote
Peaceful: Anti-War/Slavery
Government: Landowner democratic assembly

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Northern Colonies aka New England

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode IslanD, and Connecticut

Religion: Puritans

Settlements:

1620: Plymouth, Massachusetts
Pilgrims: Left England because they didn’t like Church of England
Mayflower Compact: Direct Democracy
Governor William Bradford: only Puritans in Plymouth
1630’s: Massachusetts Bay Colony:
Governor William Bradford: “City on a Hill”

Beliefs:

Bible is #1
God controls all
Salvation only requires faith in Jesus
Follow the Bible exactly
Protestant Work Ethic-Very Important

External Problems:

New Immigration to America: Not Puritans
Enlightenment: People have free will and can live how they want
John Lock
Human Rights:
Life
Liberty
Property
Deism: New Religion
Idea: God made the world but isn’t involved anymore
Followers: Thomas Jefferson and Ben Franklin

Internal Problems:

Dissenters: Church Members go against Leadership
Rodger Williams: Separation of Church and State
Anne Hutchison: Antinomianism
Materialistic: Work Ethic turned them successful and they became more materialistic
“Coffins to Coffers”
Change of Generation: Change in Values-Pilgrim Values less important over time
Halfway Covenant: change in Baptism Rules- Descendants of Puritans can be Baptized
Aimed to increase Church numbers-Didn’t work
Salem Witch Trials: 1692
Town killed woman accused of witchcraft
Puritans look crazy
Loss of Community
First Great Awakening: 1730’s
Puritan Revival: Johnathan Edwards
Backfires: People start to listen to “rouge” preachers who speak of enlightenment