Fearless: 13 Colonies (1607-1754)

Taylor Swift Connection:

Like Taylor in the Fearless Era trying to grow and find herself as a person and wanting a fairytale life, the colonizers are determining who they are as a colony and want a perfect land and freedom. Anne Hutchison is also Fearless

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Southern Colonies

Virginia, Carolinas, Maryland, Georgia

Virginia: 1607

1607: Jamestown

• First Permanent British Colony
  • Charter Colony: Virginia Company
• Goal: Find Gold
• Settlement:
  • Attacked by Native Americans in Chesapeake Bay and settled in nearby swamp
  • Mosquitos spread disease
  • No fresh water
  • Cannot farm
• Typical Settler: Young Men in 20’s
  • Lazy gentlemen not used to working
  • Spent time looking for gold and not provisions
• John Smith: Jamestown’s first leader
  • Institute Military Rule: No Work? Can’t Eat
  • Injured and returns to England—>things get bad again
• 1609-1610:Starving Time
  • People eat dogs, cats, mice, and corpses
  • 60 out of 838 people survive
  • Virginia becomes Royal Colony: colony under King’s Control

{{*Powhatan Confederacy: loosely affiliated tribes under Native American leader Powhatan—>Fails{{

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1617: House of Burgesses

• Colonial Assembly/Representative Democracy that ran Virginia

• Controlled Power of the Purse —> Money

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1676: Bacon’s Rebellion

• Fight against William Berkeley over land
• Impact: Nothing but shows class struggle in South
• Governor William Berkeley
  • Crown Appointed Governor of Virginia
  • Upperclass Aristocrat
• Nathanial Bacon
  • Leader of poor indentured servants
  • Wanted to fight with Native Americans to gain land-Berkeley said No

Headright System: 50 acres offered to any settler who comes to America

John Rolfe

• Discovers new sweet Tobacco—>British Demand
• Tobacco is labor intensive—>New Labor source needed
  • Indentured Servants replaced by Slave System (1619)
  • Mingling not allowed-Ridged class system
• Plantation owners: Upperclass Aristocrats that run the South

Maryland: 1634

• Founder: Lord Baltimore
  • granted land by King
• Religious Tolerance however Catholics couldn’t vote
• Good relationship with Native Americans

Carolinas: 1663 and 1665

• Founder: Multiple people given land by King but Anthony Ashley Cooper encouraged settlement
• Economy: Trade and Agriculture
  • Hardest Slave System in the Colonies-Barbados Slave Import
  • 1739: Stono Uprising
    • Slave Rebellion in South Carolina
    • Failure: Led to worse treatment of slaves

Georgia: 1733

• Founder: James Oglethorpe
• Why:
  • Colony for Debtors: “Haven for Poor People”
  • Buffer Colony between Spanish and British Territory

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Middle Colonies

New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware

• Fertile Soil—>Bread Colonies
• Rivers: Expanded trade and travel to frontier
• Seaports
• “Town Meeting”/Landowner Government Mixture
• Newspapers: John Peter Zenger Trail (1790’s)
  • Freedom of Press

New York: 1623/1624

• Dutch Colony: New Netherland
• Company Town: Fur Trade
• Church Calvinists: Led by Aristocrats
• Renamed New York by British

Pennsylvania: 1681

• Founder: William Penn
  • “Holy Experiment”
• Quakers:
  • Religious Freedom but Jewish and Catholic settlers can’t vote
  • Peaceful: Anti-War/Slavery
• Government: Landowner democratic assembly

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Northern Colonies aka New England

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode IslanD, and Connecticut

Religion: Puritans

Settlements:

1620: Plymouth, Massachusetts

• Pilgrims: Left England because they didn’t like Church of England
• Mayflower Compact: Direct Democracy
• Governor William Bradford: only Puritans in Plymouth

1630’s: Massachusetts Bay Colony:

• Governor William Bradford: “City on a Hill”

Beliefs:

1. Bible is #1
2. God controls all
3. Salvation only requires faith in Jesus
4. Follow the Bible exactly

Protestant Work Ethic-Very Important

External Problems:

New Immigration to America: Not Puritans

Enlightenment: People have free will and can live how they want

• John Lock
  • Human Rights:
  • Life
  • Liberty
  • Property

Deism: New Religion

• Idea: God made the world but isn’t involved anymore
• Followers: Thomas Jefferson and Ben Franklin

Internal Problems:

• Dissenters: Church Members go against Leadership

  • Rodger Williams: Separation of Church and State
  • Anne Hutchison: Antinomianism

• Materialistic: Work Ethic turned them successful and they became more materialistic

  • “Coffins to Coffers”

• Change of Generation: Change in Values-Pilgrim Values less important over time

• Halfway Covenant: change in Baptism Rules- Descendants of Puritans can be Baptized

  • Aimed to increase Church numbers-Didn’t work

• Salem Witch Trials: 1692

  • Town killed woman accused of witchcraft
  • Puritans look crazy
  • Loss of Community

• First Great Awakening: 1730’s

  • Puritan Revival: Johnathan Edwards
  • Backfires: People start to listen to “rouge” preachers who speak of enlightenment

Government:

• Gave out land based on family need: Care for Community
• Town = Center of Life
• “Colonial Assembly”:Direct Democracy
  • Only members of Church can vote

Economy: Diverse

Fur Trade

Lumber

Town Jobs

Ship Building

Fishing

Small Farms

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