Definition: A composite measure of human development, reflecting achievements in:
Health (life expectancy)
Education (mean and expected years of schooling)
Standard of living (Gross National Income per capita)
The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of these dimensions.
Definition: A measure combining:
Mean Years of Schooling Index (MYSI): Average years of schooling for adults.
Expected Years of Schooling Index (EYSI): Expected years of schooling for children.
Formula: EI = (MYSI + EYSI) / 2
Definition: Equal access to resources, opportunities, and rights for all genders.
Aspects of Gender Equality:
š Equal Access: To education, employment, and career growth.
ā Equal Opportunities: Participation in decision-making and leadership.
š” Equal Responsibilities: Shared household and childcare duties.
š« Freedom from Violence: Protection from gender-based violence and coercion.
Women still face major inequalities globally:
š° Earn 23% less than men in labor markets.
š” Spend 3 times more hours in unpaid domestic work than men.
ā Experience violence, exploitation, and underrepresentation in leadership.
Projected Time to Close Key Gender Gaps:
300 years to end child marriage.
286 years to close gaps in legal protection and remove discriminatory laws.
140 years for equal representation in corporate leadership.
47 years for equal representation in national parliaments.
Definition: A composite measure of gender-based disadvantage using three dimensions:
Reproductive Health: Maternal mortality and adolescent birth rates.
Empowerment: Representation in parliament and educational attainment.
Labor Market: Participation rates of men and women.
Resource: š Gender Inequality Index ā UNDP
2.2 billion people lacked safely managed drinking water (700 million had no basic service).
3.5 billion people lacked safely managed sanitation (1.5 billion had no basic sanitation).
2 billion people lacked basic handwashing facilities (653 million had none at all).
š§ Investments in infrastructure and sanitation facilities.
š± Protection and restoration of water-related ecosystems.
š§¼ Hygiene education campaigns.
Definition: A comparison of country performance on:
Water access and equity
Sanitation access and equity
Resource: š WASH Performance Index ā USAID
Definition: Scores countries from 0 to 1 to prioritize those in greatest need of WASH programming.
Principle Law: Water for the World Act (2014), which builds on the Water for the Poor Act (2005) and mandates prioritization of high-need countries for WASH projects.
From 2015 to 2021, global access to electricity rose to 90%.
However, 675 million people still lacked electricity in 2021.
ā Invest in renewable sources like solar, wind, and hydro power.
ā” Accelerate electrification efforts, especially in remote areas.
š Expand energy infrastructure and upgrade technologies in developing regions.
šæ Improve energy efficiency and reduce waste.
š Develop enabling policies and regulatory frameworks to promote clean energy adoption.
Decent work means:
š° Fair income and productive employment.
š” Workplace security and social protection for families.
š Opportunities for career growth and social inclusion.
Economic Growth: The increase in an economy's capacity to produce goods and services over time.
Traditionally measured by:
š Gross National Product (GNP)
š Gross Domestic Product (GDP)