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WORLD WAR II AND ITS AFTERMATH

• Destabilized development of the country

• Institutions and public utilities were burned, bombarded

• Reparation funds focused on building institutions and public facilities

• Improving its science and technological capabilities

• Explored the use of ODA – Overseas Development Allocations

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

INTERNAL INFLUENCES

• Survival

• Culture

 • Economic activities

EXTERNAL INFLUENCES

• Foreign colonizers

• Trade with foreign countries

• International economic demands

SELECTED INDIGENOUS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

MEDICAL CARE & PRACTICES

Traditional Self – Medication

▪ Chinese oils or ointments

▪ Folk healing techniques (Ventosa)

Local Healers

▪ herbs and roots

- Faith healers

- Folk healers

- Mambunongs

FOOD PRESERVATION

Salt coupled with drying as preservatives

▪ Salted, smoked, and/or dried fish and meat products

▪ Bagoong and patis

Fat as preservative

▪ Dinuguan, igado, and adobo

FARM PRACTICES

Swidden Farming (uma)

▪ The oldest form of agroforestry practice in Ifugao

▪ Swidden farming practices:

- Apuyan (burning)

- Lotang (fencing)

- Mungabut (weeding)

Seed Preservation

• placing unthreshed seeds above wood-burning stoves

• hanging them in smoky areas of the kitchen

• Air-drying and mixing of charcoal and leaves of Premna odorata and Vitex negundo.

• Spraying with Biya orellana and Capsicum frutescens

Charcoal Burning

• Charcoal is used as a domestic fuel for cooking and heating.

- Ham-ak method (Cebu) - wood is piled on a slope above ground and then covered with grass, weeds, banana leaves and a layer of soil before fire is put to it.

- Tinabonan approach - a charcoal pit is dug on a slope, filled with wood and covered with a metal sheet after lighting.

ARTS & CRAFTS

Weaving

▪ one of the most precious living traditions that are kept until today

Examples:

▪ Piña cloth (Antique)

▪ Abaca fiber

▪ Baskets (Cordillera)

Jewelry Making

▪ Two major product categories of jewel industry:

- Precious metal jewelry

- Pearls, precious stones, and semi-precious stones