function: take in 02 into body and remove C02

consists of: nose, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

• 02 for aerobic respiration to produce ATP

• C02 is a waste product of cellular respiration

Aerobic Respiration

6O2 + C6H12O6 → 36 ATP + 6O2 + 6H2O

inhale nutrition energy exhale exhale

Pathway of Air in Respiratory System

Nose/Nasal Cavity

1. hair- filters air from dust

2. smells- detects air quality

3. warms and moistens

4. mucus membranes- sticky, traps debris, and humidifies

5. cilia- move debris up away from lungs

larynx

• voice box

• vocal cords

trachea

• windpipe

Bronchi

• singular: bronchus

bronchioles

Alveoli

• air sacs

• respiratory surface

  • area where gas exchange takes place

    • large surface area

    • thin

    • near capillaries

    • moist

    • good ventilation

disorders of the respiratory system

• asthma

  • difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, wheezing,

  • from obstruction of airflow through bronchi and bronchioles during “attacks“

  • causes: inflammation, allergic reaction, infection

• emphysema

  • alveolar tissue destroyed, fewer but larger alveoli

  • surface area and elasticity are reduced for the decrease in air volume and exchange

  • causes: smoking, a genetic inability to produce protein to keep lungs healthy

• acute bronchitis

  • short term inflammation of the airway most often due to viral infection

• pneumonia

  • inflammation of the alveoli from an infection

  • alveoli filled with WBCs and fluid- makes gas exchange harder

  • symptoms: cough producing rust-colored sputum, shortness of breath at rest and fever

• Tuberculosis

  • bacterial infection that most often affects lungs, but can affect other parts

  • symptoms: dry and persistent cough producing greenish or yellow sputum and or fresh blood, chest pain, shortness of breath, fever

• Cystic Fibrosis

• Chronic Obtrusive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

  • progressive lung diseases ( emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and refractory (irreversible) asthma

  • increasing breathlessness

inhalation/exhalation

• in

  • chest muscles/diaphragm, contract

  • the diaphragm is pushed down

• out

  • muscles relax

  • elastin in the lungs recoil

  • push air out

  • diaphragm is pulled up