unit 6 vocab

Here are simple definitions for each of the given terms:

Industrial and Economic Terms

1. Agglomeration: The clustering of industries or businesses in a specific area to reduce costs and increase efficiency.

2. Assembly Line: A manufacturing process where parts are assembled in a sequential manner to produce a final product.

3. Bulk-Gaining Industry: An industry that adds weight or volume to its products during processing, such as food processing.

4. Bulk-Reducing Industry: An industry that reduces the weight or volume of its products during processing, such as mining.

5. Capital: Wealth or resources used to invest in businesses or industries.

6. Consumptive Water Usage: Water used by industries or households that is not returned to its source.

7. Cottage Industry: Small-scale industry or manufacturing that takes place in homes or small workshops.

8. Deindustrialization: The decline or removal of industries in a particular area or country.

9. Export Processing Zone (EPZ): A designated area where goods can be manufactured and exported without paying duties.

10. Footloose Industry: An industry that can be located anywhere, without being tied to specific resources or markets.

11. Fossil Fuel: Energy sources formed from ancient plants and animals, such as coal, oil, and natural gas.

12. Post-Fordism: A production system that replaces mass production with flexible, specialized production.

13. Geothermal Energy: Energy generated from the heat of the Earth's core.

14. Greenhouse Effect: The warming of the Earth's atmosphere due to the trapping of heat by greenhouse gases.

15. Just-in-Time Delivery: A logistics system where goods are delivered just in time to meet demand, reducing inventory costs.

16. Industrial Revolution: A period of significant economic and technological change, marked by the shift from manual labor to machine-based manufacturing.

17. Infrastructure: The basic systems and structures needed for a country or region to function, such as roads, bridges, and utilities.

18. International Division of Labor: The global distribution of labor and industries, with different countries specializing in different types of production.

19. Labor-Intensive Industry: An industry that requires a large amount of labor to produce goods or services.

20. Weber's Least-Cost Theory: A theory that states industries will locate where the cost of transportation, labor, and other inputs is minimized.

21. Maquiladora: A factory in Mexico that assembles goods for export, often using imported parts.

22. Mass Production: The production of large quantities of goods using standardized parts and assembly lines.

23. Nonpoint Source Pollution: Pollution that comes from diffuse sources, such as agricultural runoff or urban stormwater.

24. Outsourcing: The practice of contracting with external companies or individuals to perform specific tasks or services.

25. Primary Industry: An industry that extracts and processes raw materials, such as mining, agriculture, or forestry.

26. Post-Fordist Production: A production system that replaces mass production with flexible, specialized production.

27. Potential v. Proven Reserve: Potential reserves refer to resources that may exist but have not been confirmed, while proven reserves refer to resources that have been confirmed and are economically viable.

28. Recycling: The process of collecting and processing materials to create new products.

29. Renewable Energy: Energy sources that can be replenished naturally, such as solar, wind, or hydroelectric power.

30. Right-to-Work Laws: Laws that prohibit labor unions from requiring workers to pay dues or fees.

31. Secondary Industry: An industry that transforms raw materials into manufactured goods, such as manufacturing or construction.

32. Special Economic Zone (SEZ): A designated area with special economic rules, such as tax exemptions or streamlined regulations.

Geographic and Urban Terms

1. Business Services: Services that support businesses, such as finance, logistics, or consulting.

2. Central Place Theory: A theory that explains the distribution of services and businesses in a region, based on the idea that people will travel to a central location for goods and services.

3. Clustered Rural Settlement: A type of rural settlement where homes and buildings are grouped together in a small area.

4. Consumer Services: Services that cater to individual consumers, such as retail, healthcare, or education.

5. Dispersed Rural Settlement: A type of rural settlement where homes and buildings are scattered over a wide area.

6. Enclosure Movement: A historical process in which common land was fenced off and privatized, leading to the displacement of rural communities.

7. Gravity Model: A model that predicts the flow of people, goods, or services between two locations, based on the size and distance between them.

8. Hierarchy of Settlements: A ranking of settlements by size and importance, from small villages to large cities

   1. Hinterland or Market Area: The surrounding region that a city or town serves as a center of commerce, industry, or services.

   2. Long-Lot Settlement: A type of rural settlement where homes and buildings are arranged in long, narrow lots, often along a road or river.

   3. Non-Basic Business: A business that serves local residents, such as a restaurant or retail store, as opposed to a basic business that exports goods or services.

   4. Periodic Market: A market that operates on a regular schedule, such as daily, weekly, or monthly, often in a specific location.

   5. Primate City: The largest city in a country or region, often serving as the center of politics, economy, and culture.

   6. Public Services: Services provided by the government or public agencies, such as healthcare, education, or infrastructure.

   7. Range: A measure of the maximum distance that people will travel to access a service or good.

   8. Rank-Size Rule: A rule that states that the size of a city or town is inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy of settlements.

   9. Settlement: A permanent or temporary human habitation, such as a city, town, or village.

   10. Service: A type of economic activity that provides intangible goods, such as healthcare, education, or finance.

   11. Threshold: The minimum number of people or businesses required to support a particular service or industry.

   12. Township-and-Range Survey: A system of land surveyance used in the United States, which divides land into square townships and ranges.

   13. Urbanization: The process of people moving from rural areas to cities, often in search of better economic opportunities.

   14. World City: A city that serves as a global hub for finance, commerce, and culture, often ranked among the most economically powerful cities in the world.