ch 23 & 24 (use this one)

🍽 Chapter 23: Digestive System Infections

Q: Where does most absorption occur in the digestive tract?
A: In the small intestine.

Q: How does Streptococcus mutans cause dental plaque?
A: It produces dextran from sugar, allowing bacteria to stick to teeth.

Q: What causes periodontal disease?
A: Anaerobic bacteria in dental plaque cause inflammation and damage to gums.

Q: How does H. pylori cause peptic ulcers?
A: It produces urease, neutralizing stomach acid and damaging mucosa.

Q: What is the virulence factor of cholera toxin?
A: It activates adenylate cyclase in intestinal cells, causing massive water loss.

Q: How does Salmonella enterica cause typhoid fever?
A: It invades intestinal epithelial cells and survives in macrophages, spreading systemically.

Q: What is a common bacterial cause of diarrhea in the U.S.?
A: Campylobacter jejuni.

Q: What is a key sign or symptom of mumps?
A: Swollen salivary glands (especially parotid glands).

Q: How is viral gastroenteritis treated?
A: Supportive care: fluids and electrolytes.

Q: How is Hepatitis B diagnosed?
A: By detecting HBV antigens and antibodies in blood.

🚻 Chapter 24: Urinary & Reproductive Infections

Q: What connects the kidneys to the bladder?
A: The ureters.

Q: What does the prostate gland produce?
A: Alkaline fluid that nourishes sperm and enhances motility.

Q: Who is most affected by Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome?
A: Menstruating women, especially using super-absorbent tampons.

Q: What are signs of bacterial vaginosis and how is it diagnosed?
A: Thin gray discharge with a fishy odor; diagnosed by clue cells on microscopy.

Q: What happens if male gonorrhea is left untreated?
A: Can cause epididymitis and infertility.

Q: What are signs of primary syphilis?
A: Painless chancre at infection site.

Q: What is a distinctive feature of secondary syphilis?
A: Widespread skin rash including palms and soles.

Q: How is genital herpes diagnosed?
A: By PCR or identifying lesions + HSV antibodies.

Q: What virus causes genital warts and cervical cancer?
A: Human Papillomavirus (HPV), especially types 16 & 18.

Q: What are Condylomata Acuminata?
A: Genital warts caused by papillomavirus.

Q: What risk is associated with tampon use and TSS?
A: Traps blood and oxygen, creating an environment for S. aureus toxin production.

Q: How does gonorrhea lead to infertility in women?
A: It can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, scarring fallopian tubes.