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APUSH: REVIEW OF UNIT 2

UNIT 2 (1607 - 1754)

EUROPEAN COLONIZATIONS

FRENCH

  • Interested in trade than conquest, especially fish and fur trade
  • Established trading settlements
  • some married native women to maintain trading relations with the natives

DUTCH

  • Goals were economic; not too much christian conversion
  • 1609 - established fur trading on hudson river
  • 1624 - amsterdam established; was a hub of trade

BRITISH

  • Motivation for colonization:  economic opportunities, lands which they could seek opportunities, those seeking religious freedom, improvement of living conditions

    \n BRITISH COLONIES

  • CHESAPEAKE - JAMESTOWN 1607

    • Established in 1607; Funded by joint-stock companies
    • Profit seeking colony: solely dug gold and silver and built military to protect gold and silver
    • First two years - disease and famine killed the settlers
    • 1609 - 1610 starving time; resorted to stealing food from natives and faced attacks from the natives
    • 1612 - tobacco found marketable
    • labor system: indentured servants
    • Demand for tobacco → demand for land → took land from natives → tension increase → native retaliates by raiding colonial farms
    • Settlers appealed to british governor to send troops for safety → Gov. berkeley refused → BACON’S REBELLION: nathaniel bacon + farmers + indentured servants attacked natives and burned plantations owned by the governor
    • Side result: less reliance on indentured servants and more on slaves

  • NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

    • Settled by pilgrims to established society; founded on their christian religion
    • Established Family economy as farmers
    • Fevers and diseases killed settlers but established commerce and agriculture

  • BRITISH WEST INDIES AND SOUTHERN ATLANTIC COAST COLONIES

    • 1620s permanent colonies
    • Grew tobacco - 1630s introduced sugarcane → popular in europe → labor intensive → demand for slaves
    • In 1660 more black people than white → introduced Laws to govern africans that made them property
    • Carolina colonies were influenced and established their own labor system based on caribbean colonies

  • MIDDLE COLONIES

    • Thrived on export economy (new york and new jersey)
    • Success led to Growing inequality in classes
    • Founded by quaker william penn (Pennsylvania)
    • Religious freedom
    • Land was negotiated; bit democratic

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Colonies had established self- governing structures

  • Mayflower compact (pilgrims) :organized government based on self-governing church structure

  • House of burgesses (virginia): representative assembly that regulated taxes and passed laws

  • Self-governing structures were dominated by the elite class

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TRIANGULAR TRADE (below is definition)  - exchange of trade between the new world, europe and africa

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MERCANTILISM (Late 17th Century)

  • Believed the world had a fixed amount of wealth and that wealth was measured in gold and silver

  • Each state wanted to Gain more wealth and did that by maintaining a favorable balance of trade → more exports than imports

  • Colonies were important in trading

  • NAVIGATION ACTS: increased colonies dependence on english trade, by restricting trading to england and ships had to pass through british ports for tax

    \n KING PHILIP’S WAR 1675-1678

  • Tensions with the natives increased over british encroachment of ancestral land

THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN EUROPE

  • Emphasized rational thinking over religion and beliefs

    EFFECT ON COLONIES

  • Transatlantic print culture spread ideas of enlightenment thinkers like john locke, voltaire that Introduced natural rights

  • introduced that the best government involved checking and balancing power

    • Split the government into 3 branches : legislative, executive, and judicial

  • Idea of Social contract: people were in contract with their government ; government protects the people; people had the right to overthrow

GREAT AWAKENING 1730s-1740s

  • Chritstian revival throughout colonies

  • Preachers during the great awakening *Jonathan edwards and george whitefield

  • The great awakening bounded the colonist by christain faith and led to an increasing american identity

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