APUSH: REVIEW OF UNIT 2
EUROPEAN COLONIZATIONS
FRENCH
Interested in trade than conquest, especially fish and fur trade
Established trading settlements
some married native women to maintain trading relations with the natives
DUTCH
Goals were economic; not too much christian conversion
1609 - established fur trading on hudson river
1624 - amsterdam established; was a hub of trade
BRITISH
Motivation for colonization: economic opportunities, lands which they could seek opportunities, those seeking religious freedom, improvement of living conditions
BRITISH COLONIES
CHESAPEAKE - JAMESTOWN 1607
Established in 1607; Funded by joint-stock companies
Profit seeking colony: solely dug gold and silver and built military to protect gold and silver
First two years - disease and famine killed the settlers
1609 - 1610 starving time; resorted to stealing food from natives and faced attacks from the natives
1612 - tobacco found marketable
labor system: indentured servants
Demand for tobacco → demand for land → took land from natives → tension increase → native retaliates by raiding colonial farms
Settlers appealed to british governor to send troops for safety → Gov. berkeley refused → BACON’S REBELLION: nathaniel bacon + farmers + indentured servants attacked natives and burned plantations owned by the governor
Side result: less reliance on indentured servants and more on slaves
NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
Settled by pilgrims to established society; founded on their christian religion
Established Family economy as farmers
Fevers and diseases killed settlers but established commerce and agriculture
BRITISH WEST INDIES AND SOUTHERN ATLANTIC COAST COLONIES
1620s permanent colonies
Grew tobacco - 1630s introduced sugarcane → popular in europe → labor intensive → demand for slaves
In 1660 more black people than white → introduced Laws to govern africans that made them property
Carolina colonies were influenced and established their own labor system based on caribbean colonies
MIDDLE COLONIES
Thrived on export economy (new york and new jersey)
Success led to Growing inequality in classes
Founded by quaker william penn (Pennsylvania)
Religious freedom
Land was negotiated; bit democratic
Colonies had established self- governing structures
Mayflower compact (pilgrims) :organized government based on self-governing church structure
House of burgesses (virginia): representative assembly that regulated taxes and passed laws
Self-governing structures were dominated by the elite class
TRIANGULAR TRADE (below is definition) - exchange of trade between the new world, europe and africa
MERCANTILISM (Late 17th Century)
Believed the world had a fixed amount of wealth and that wealth was measured in gold and silver
Each state wanted to Gain more wealth and did that by maintaining a favorable balance of trade → more exports than imports
Colonies were important in trading
NAVIGATION ACTS: increased colonies dependence on english trade, by restricting trading to england and ships had to pass through british ports for tax
KING PHILIP’S WAR 1675-1678
Tensions with the natives increased over british encroachment of ancestral land
THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN EUROPE
Emphasized rational thinking over religion and beliefs
EFFECT ON COLONIES
Transatlantic print culture spread ideas of enlightenment thinkers like john locke, voltaire that Introduced natural rights
introduced that the best government involved checking and balancing power
Split the government into 3 branches : legislative, executive, and judicial
Idea of Social contract: people were in contract with their government ; government protects the people; people had the right to overthrow
GREAT AWAKENING 1730s-1740s
Chritstian revival throughout colonies
Preachers during the great awakening *Jonathan edwards and george whitefield
The great awakening bounded the colonist by christain faith and led to an increasing american identity
EUROPEAN COLONIZATIONS
FRENCH
Interested in trade than conquest, especially fish and fur trade
Established trading settlements
some married native women to maintain trading relations with the natives
DUTCH
Goals were economic; not too much christian conversion
1609 - established fur trading on hudson river
1624 - amsterdam established; was a hub of trade
BRITISH
Motivation for colonization: economic opportunities, lands which they could seek opportunities, those seeking religious freedom, improvement of living conditions
BRITISH COLONIES
CHESAPEAKE - JAMESTOWN 1607
Established in 1607; Funded by joint-stock companies
Profit seeking colony: solely dug gold and silver and built military to protect gold and silver
First two years - disease and famine killed the settlers
1609 - 1610 starving time; resorted to stealing food from natives and faced attacks from the natives
1612 - tobacco found marketable
labor system: indentured servants
Demand for tobacco → demand for land → took land from natives → tension increase → native retaliates by raiding colonial farms
Settlers appealed to british governor to send troops for safety → Gov. berkeley refused → BACON’S REBELLION: nathaniel bacon + farmers + indentured servants attacked natives and burned plantations owned by the governor
Side result: less reliance on indentured servants and more on slaves
NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
Settled by pilgrims to established society; founded on their christian religion
Established Family economy as farmers
Fevers and diseases killed settlers but established commerce and agriculture
BRITISH WEST INDIES AND SOUTHERN ATLANTIC COAST COLONIES
1620s permanent colonies
Grew tobacco - 1630s introduced sugarcane → popular in europe → labor intensive → demand for slaves
In 1660 more black people than white → introduced Laws to govern africans that made them property
Carolina colonies were influenced and established their own labor system based on caribbean colonies
MIDDLE COLONIES
Thrived on export economy (new york and new jersey)
Success led to Growing inequality in classes
Founded by quaker william penn (Pennsylvania)
Religious freedom
Land was negotiated; bit democratic
Colonies had established self- governing structures
Mayflower compact (pilgrims) :organized government based on self-governing church structure
House of burgesses (virginia): representative assembly that regulated taxes and passed laws
Self-governing structures were dominated by the elite class
TRIANGULAR TRADE (below is definition) - exchange of trade between the new world, europe and africa
MERCANTILISM (Late 17th Century)
Believed the world had a fixed amount of wealth and that wealth was measured in gold and silver
Each state wanted to Gain more wealth and did that by maintaining a favorable balance of trade → more exports than imports
Colonies were important in trading
NAVIGATION ACTS: increased colonies dependence on english trade, by restricting trading to england and ships had to pass through british ports for tax
KING PHILIP’S WAR 1675-1678
Tensions with the natives increased over british encroachment of ancestral land
THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN EUROPE
Emphasized rational thinking over religion and beliefs
EFFECT ON COLONIES
Transatlantic print culture spread ideas of enlightenment thinkers like john locke, voltaire that Introduced natural rights
introduced that the best government involved checking and balancing power
Split the government into 3 branches : legislative, executive, and judicial
Idea of Social contract: people were in contract with their government ; government protects the people; people had the right to overthrow
GREAT AWAKENING 1730s-1740s
Chritstian revival throughout colonies
Preachers during the great awakening *Jonathan edwards and george whitefield
The great awakening bounded the colonist by christain faith and led to an increasing american identity