Motivation for colonization: economic opportunities, lands which they could seek opportunities, those seeking religious freedom, improvement of living conditions
\n BRITISH COLONIES
CHESAPEAKE - JAMESTOWN 1607
- Established in 1607; Funded by joint-stock companies
- Profit seeking colony: solely dug gold and silver and built military to protect gold and silver
- First two years - disease and famine killed the settlers
- 1609 - 1610 starving time; resorted to stealing food from natives and faced attacks from the natives
- 1612 - tobacco found marketable
- labor system: indentured servants
- Demand for tobacco → demand for land → took land from natives → tension increase → native retaliates by raiding colonial farms
- Settlers appealed to british governor to send troops for safety → Gov. berkeley refused → BACON’S REBELLION: nathaniel bacon + farmers + indentured servants attacked natives and burned plantations owned by the governor
- Side result: less reliance on indentured servants and more on slaves
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NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
- Settled by pilgrims to established society; founded on their christian religion
- Established Family economy as farmers
- Fevers and diseases killed settlers but established commerce and agriculture

BRITISH WEST INDIES AND SOUTHERN ATLANTIC COAST COLONIES
- 1620s permanent colonies
- Grew tobacco - 1630s introduced sugarcane → popular in europe → labor intensive → demand for slaves
- In 1660 more black people than white → introduced Laws to govern africans that made them property
- Carolina colonies were influenced and established their own labor system based on caribbean colonies
MIDDLE COLONIES
- Thrived on export economy (new york and new jersey)
- Success led to Growing inequality in classes
- Founded by quaker william penn (Pennsylvania)
- Religious freedom
- Land was negotiated; bit democratic
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Colonies had established self- governing structures

Mayflower compact (pilgrims) :organized government based on self-governing church structure
House of burgesses (virginia): representative assembly that regulated taxes and passed laws
Self-governing structures were dominated by the elite class
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TRIANGULAR TRADE (below is definition) - exchange of trade between the new world, europe and africa

MERCANTILISM (Late 17th Century)

Believed the world had a fixed amount of wealth and that wealth was measured in gold and silver
Each state wanted to Gain more wealth and did that by maintaining a favorable balance of trade → more exports than imports
Colonies were important in trading
NAVIGATION ACTS: increased colonies dependence on english trade, by restricting trading to england and ships had to pass through british ports for tax
\n KING PHILIP’S WAR 1675-1678
Tensions with the natives increased over british encroachment of ancestral land

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THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN EUROPE

Emphasized rational thinking over religion and beliefs
EFFECT ON COLONIES
Transatlantic print culture spread ideas of enlightenment thinkers like john locke, voltaire that Introduced natural rights
introduced that the best government involved checking and balancing power
- Split the government into 3 branches : legislative, executive, and judicial
Idea of Social contract: people were in contract with their government ; government protects the people; people had the right to overthrow

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GREAT AWAKENING 1730s-1740s

Chritstian revival throughout colonies
Preachers during the great awakening *Jonathan edwards and george whitefield
The great awakening bounded the colonist by christain faith and led to an increasing american identity
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Note