russia

Tsar nicholas II

Leader of russia up unitl his abdiction. Last russian emperor (weak)

Marxism (communism)

Agree with karl marx that wealthy people have more of an advantage compared too the working class

-Proletariat

Working class regarded

-bourgeneoisie

Middle class

Grigori rasputin

Personal advisor in court, brought down Romanov monarchy in Russia

February revolution

Protests/strikes lead to Tsars abdiction, provisional government is created and communism rises

Dual power

Provisional government and petrograd soviet both share power

Vladimir lenin

Leader of Boleshebiks, led October revolution, established socialist state, won Russian ciial war, created one party state under communist party

Bolshevik party

Seized power of government and became dominant political party

Leon trotsky

Chairman of petrograd soviet

October revolution

Inception of 1st communist government, 1st large scale socialist state

Treaty of brest-litovsk

Peace treaty between bolsheviks/central powers ending russian participation in ww1

Russian civil war 

Red army defended the bolshevik government, Lenin against anti-bolsevik armies

-allied intervention

Foreig powers supported white army too stop communism, bolesheviks triumhed leading too soviet union establishment

-red terror (cheka)

Offical boleshevik policy of extreme violence too crush political oposition

Josef stalin

Led soviet union, made 5-year plan, wide spread suffering

Cult of personality

Was seen by the public as heroic which kept him in power/maintaining it

Five year plan

Increase industrialization and production by forced labour.

-collectivization

Small farms rounded up into mass production farms led by the government

Gulags

Forced labour camps- people thought to be enemies placed here

Show trials

People forced to appear in court and admit to crimes they did not commit, and face punishment for them.