Untitled Flashcards Set

Muckraking - Journalists who exposed corruption in business, government, and society in the early 1900s. Examples: Upton Sinclair (The Jungle), Ida Tarbell (Standard Oil exposé).

The Time Period When the U.S. Became More Urban and Industrialized - Late 19th and early 20th centuries (1870s-1920s), marked by growth of cities, immigration, factory jobs, and new technology.

1912 Election - A four-way race between Taft (Republican), Roosevelt (Progressive/Bull Moose), Wilson (Democrat), and Debs (Socialist). Wilson won due to the Republican split.

Spark and Causes That Started WWI - Spark: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1914). Causes: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism (MAIN).

Fourteen Points - President Wilson’s 1918 plan for post-WWI peace, including self-determination, free trade, and the League of Nations.

Causes for U.S. to Get Involved in WWI - Zimmerman Telegram (Germany urged Mexico to attack the U.S.), unrestricted submarine warfare (sinking of Lusitania), and economic ties with the Allies.

Henry Ford - Importance and Methods - Revolutionized manufacturing with the assembly line, making cars affordable (Model T). Transformed transportation and industry.

Americans in the 1920s - The "Roaring Twenties" was a time of economic boom, jazz, Prohibition, the Harlem Renaissance, flappers, and consumerism.

Women Getting the Right to Vote (Amendment) - The 19th Amendment (1920) granted women suffrage after decades of activism by Susan B. Anthony, Alice Paul, and others.

Reason(s) for Stock Market Crash of 1929 - Over-speculation, excessive credit, overproduction, and declining consumer spending. Crash occurred on Black Tuesday (October 29, 1929).

When Was the Great Depression? - 1929 to early 1940s, marked by mass unemployment, bank failures, and economic hardship.

New Deal Programs - FDR’s response to the Great Depression, including Social Security, CCC, WPA, and TVA to provide relief and reform.

Pearl Harbor - December 7, 1941 – Japan attacked the U.S. naval base in Hawaii, leading to U.S. entry into WWII.

Adolf Hitler - Dictator of Nazi Germany (1933-1945), responsible for initiating WWII and orchestrating the Holocaust.

Holocaust - The genocide of six million Jews and millions of others (including Romani people, disabled individuals, and political dissidents) by Nazi Germany.

Axis Powers - Germany, Italy, and Japan formed an alliance during WWII.

Battle of Midway - A major turning point in the Pacific War (June 1942), where the U.S. defeated Japan and crippled its naval strength.

Japanese War Tactics - Included kamikaze (suicide pilots), guerrilla warfare, and fighting to the death in battles like Iwo Jima and Okinawa.

D-Day - June 6, 1944 – Allied forces invaded Nazi-occupied France at Normandy, marking a turning point in Western Europe.

What Ended WWII? - Europe: Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945 (V-E Day). Pacific: The U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading to Japan’s surrender on September 2, 1945 (V-J Day).

East Germany vs. West Germany After WWII - East Germany: Communist, controlled by the USSR. West Germany: Democratic, allied with the U.S.

What Caused the Cold War? - Tensions between the U.S. (capitalist democracy) and the Soviet Union (communist dictatorship) over ideological differences, nuclear arms, and control of postwar Europe.

McCarthyism - 1950s anti-communist hysteria led by Senator Joseph McCarthy, where many were falsely accused and blacklisted.

Marshall Plan - A U.S. program (1948-1952) that provided economic aid to help rebuild Western Europe after WWII and prevent the spread of communism.

Korean War - 1950-1953 conflict between communist North Korea (backed by China and the USSR) and democratic South Korea (backed by the U.S. and UN). Ended in a stalemate at the 38th parallel.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) - A military alliance formed in 1949 between the U.S., Canada, and Western European nations to counter Soviet influence.

U.S. Policy Towards Communism in the 1950s and 1960s - Containment policy aimed at preventing the spread of communism. Examples: Truman Doctrine, Korean War, Vietnam War.

1950s Entertainers - Music: Elvis Presley (rock and roll), Frank Sinatra. TV: Lucille Ball (I Love Lucy), Milton Berle. Movies: Marilyn Monroe, James Dean, John Wayne.