8.2: Naming Molecules + Chapter 21: Hydrocarbons

Covalent Compound naming

• First element: write the name with the correct prefix based on subscript (never use mono)

• Second element: write the name with the correct prefix based on subscript, change the ending to -ide (all prefixes are usable)

• When there is o-o or a-o, first value is left out

Covalent Compound formulas

• First element: write the symbol and add the subscript based on prefix (no prefix  = no subscript)

• Second element: write the symbol of the second element and add the subscript based on prefix

• DO NOT REDUCE THE SUBSCRIPTS

Binary acids do not contain oxygen (HX)

• Starts with the prefix hydro

• Hydro_ic acid = -ide

Oxyacids contain oxygen (HXO)

• Starts with the root of the anion

• Never starts with hydro

• _ous acid = -ite (sprite is delicious)

• _ic acid = -ate (I ate something icky)

Hydrogen ions are added to the anion in order to make a neutral compound

Hydrocarbons contain only 2 elements (hydrogen and carbon)

Simplest hydrocarbons are called alkanes

Mnemonic for the first four prefixes

• Monkeys - Meth (1)

• Eat - Eth (2)

• Peeled - Prop (3)

• Bananas - But (4)

Alkanes formula: CnH2n+2

Alkenes formula: CnH2n

Alkynes formula: CnH2n-2

Alcohol formula: CnH2n+1OH

Unsaturated: if bond contains double/triple bonds

Saturated: if bond contains only single bonds

Straight-chain Hydrocarbons: contains any number of carbon atoms, one after the other, in a chain pattern

Cyclic Hydrocarbons: form a ring (draw a polygon with n sides), add prefix cyclo, do not follow alkane formula

Cyclic Alkanes

• Cyclopropane

• Cyclobutane

• Cyclopentane

• Cyclohexane

• Cycloheptane

Aromatic Compounds: contain the benzene ring

• Typically used to make dyes/moth repellent

Alcohol covalent bonding occurs with carbon, not ionic bonding with a metal therefore not basic

To name alcohols, drop the -ane, add -anol

ACIDS - If the compound starts with H; Use the naming acids rules. 

ORGANIC - If the compound starts with C and contains quite a few H’s and perhaps some O’s;  Use the naming organic compounds rules. 

IONIC - if the compound starts with a metal or ammonium ion, it is most likely ionic;  Use the naming  ionic compounds rules. 

COVALENT - If the compound starts with a nonmetal other than H or C; use the naming binary molecular compounds rules.