Covalent Compound naming
First element: write the name with the correct prefix based on subscript (never use mono)
Second element: write the name with the correct prefix based on subscript, change the ending to -ide (all prefixes are usable)
When there is o-o or a-o, first value is left out
Covalent Compound formulas
First element: write the symbol and add the subscript based on prefix (no prefix = no subscript)
Second element: write the symbol of the second element and add the subscript based on prefix
DO NOT REDUCE THE SUBSCRIPTS
Binary acids do not contain oxygen (HX)
Starts with the prefix hydro
Hydro_ic acid = -ide
Oxyacids contain oxygen (HXO)
Starts with the root of the anion
Never starts with hydro
_ous acid = -ite (sprite is delicious)
_ic acid = -ate (I ate something icky)
Hydrogen ions are added to the anion in order to make a neutral compound
Hydrocarbons contain only 2 elements (hydrogen and carbon)
Simplest hydrocarbons are called alkanes
Mnemonic for the first four prefixes
Monkeys - Meth (1)
Eat - Eth (2)
Peeled - Prop (3)
Bananas - But (4)
Alkanes formula: CnH2n+2
Alkenes formula: CnH2n
Alkynes formula: CnH2n-2
Alcohol formula: CnH2n+1OH
Unsaturated: if bond contains double/triple bonds
Saturated: if bond contains only single bonds
Straight-chain Hydrocarbons: contains any number of carbon atoms, one after the other, in a chain pattern
Cyclic Hydrocarbons: form a ring (draw a polygon with n sides), add prefix cyclo, do not follow alkane formula
Cyclic Alkanes
Cyclopropane
Cyclobutane
Cyclopentane
Cyclohexane
Cycloheptane
Aromatic Compounds: contain the benzene ring
Typically used to make dyes/moth repellent
Alcohol covalent bonding occurs with carbon, not ionic bonding with a metal therefore not basic
To name alcohols, drop the -ane, add -anol
ACIDS - If the compound starts with H; Use the naming acids rules.
ORGANIC - If the compound starts with C and contains quite a few H’s and perhaps some O’s; Use the naming organic compounds rules.
IONIC - if the compound starts with a metal or ammonium ion, it is most likely ionic; Use the naming ionic compounds rules.
COVALENT - If the compound starts with a nonmetal other than H or C; use the naming binary molecular compounds rules.