Hydrocarbons contain only 2 elements (hydrogen and carbon)
Simplest hydrocarbons are called alkanes
Mnemonic for the first four prefixes
Monkeys - Meth (1)
Eat - Eth (2)
Peeled - Prop (3)
Bananas - But (4)
Alkanes formula: CnH2n+2
Alkenes formula: CnH2n
Alkynes formula: CnH2n-2
Alcohol formula: CnH2n+1OH
Unsaturated: if bond contains double/triple bonds
Saturated: if bond contains only single bonds
Straight-chain Hydrocarbons: contains any number of carbon atoms, one after the other, in a chain pattern
Cyclic Hydrocarbons: form a ring (draw a polygon with n sides), add prefix cyclo, do not follow alkane formula
Cyclic Alkanes
Cyclopropane
Cyclobutane
Cyclopentane
Cyclohexane
Cycloheptane
Aromatic Compounds: contain the benzene ring
Alcohol covalent bonding occurs with carbon, not ionic bonding with a metal therefore not basic
To name alcohols, drop the -ane, add -anol
ACIDS - If the compound starts with H; Use the naming acids rules.
ORGANIC - If the compound starts with C and contains quite a few H’s and perhaps some O’s; Use the naming organic compounds rules.
IONIC - if the compound starts with a metal or ammonium ion, it is most likely ionic; Use the naming ionic compounds rules.
COVALENT - If the compound starts with a nonmetal other than H or C; use the naming binary molecular compounds rules.