AP Psychology Test
Vocabulary: The ism’s
empiricism: the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observation and experimentation
structuralism: an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind
functionalism: how our mental health and behavioral processes function and how they help adapt, survive, and flourish
behaviorism: the view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes.
The Different Types of Psychology
experimental psychology: the study of behavior and thinking using EXPERIMENTAL methods.
humanistic psychology: historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth.
psychology: the science of behavior AND mental processes
behavior psychology: the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning
biological psychology: a branch of psychology that studies the links between biological. biology!!
cognitive psychology: the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
psychodynamic psychology: a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders
social-cultural psychology: the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking.
developmental psychology: the scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
educational psychology: the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning
personality psychology: the study of someone’s personality [thinking, feeling, and acting]
industrial-organizational psychology: the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
human factors psychology: the study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments
counseling psychology: counseling assists people with problems in living (school, work, marriage, parents, etc..)
clinical psychology: clinical studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
evolutionary psychology: the study of the roots of behavior and mental processes to understand natural selection.
Researches
applied research: scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
basic research: scientific study that aims to increase scientific KNOWLEDGE
biopsychosocial approach: an integrated approach that incorporates BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND SOCIAL-CULTURAL, levels.
psychometrics: the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits. (they follow you everywhere you go)
cognitive neuroscience: the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition.
levels of analysis: the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.
eclectic: someone who pulls from many psychological approaches.
Historical Figures
Mary Whiton: The first woman to be president of the American Psychological Association.
Charles Darwin (Evolutionary Psychologist): Darwin argued that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies.
Dorothea Dix: She did checks in asylums to make sure patients were getting the best care. In addition, she changed brutal psychological disorder treatments to gentler ones.
Sigmund Freud (Psychodynamic/Analytical Psychologist): The controversial ideas of this famed personality theorist and therapist have influenced humanity’s self-understanding. He gave us psychoanalytical theory.
G. Stanley Hall: The first president of the American Psychological Association.
William James: His perspective on psychology was known as functionalism. He also wrote the first psychology text book.
Ivan Pavlov (Cognitive): Studied sensory.
Jean Piaget: Child development psychologist.
B. F. Skinner: A behaviorist who rejected introspection and studied how consequences shaped behavior.
Margaret Floy Washburn: The first woman to recieve a psychology Ph.D
John B. Watson (Behavioral Psychologist): Championed psychology as the science of behavior and conditioned responses in a baby who became famous as “Little Albert”.
Wilhelm Wundt: The Father of psychology. He established the first psychology labratory.
Roger Sperry: A Biological/Neuroscience Psychologist.
Abraham Maslow: Developed the hierarchy of needs and is a humanistic psychologist.
Vocabulary: The ism’s
empiricism: the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observation and experimentation
structuralism: an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind
functionalism: how our mental health and behavioral processes function and how they help adapt, survive, and flourish
behaviorism: the view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes.
The Different Types of Psychology
experimental psychology: the study of behavior and thinking using EXPERIMENTAL methods.
humanistic psychology: historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth.
psychology: the science of behavior AND mental processes
behavior psychology: the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning
biological psychology: a branch of psychology that studies the links between biological. biology!!
cognitive psychology: the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
psychodynamic psychology: a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders
social-cultural psychology: the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking.
developmental psychology: the scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
educational psychology: the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning
personality psychology: the study of someone’s personality [thinking, feeling, and acting]
industrial-organizational psychology: the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
human factors psychology: the study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments
counseling psychology: counseling assists people with problems in living (school, work, marriage, parents, etc..)
clinical psychology: clinical studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
evolutionary psychology: the study of the roots of behavior and mental processes to understand natural selection.
Researches
applied research: scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
basic research: scientific study that aims to increase scientific KNOWLEDGE
biopsychosocial approach: an integrated approach that incorporates BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND SOCIAL-CULTURAL, levels.
psychometrics: the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits. (they follow you everywhere you go)
cognitive neuroscience: the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition.
levels of analysis: the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.
eclectic: someone who pulls from many psychological approaches.
Historical Figures
Mary Whiton: The first woman to be president of the American Psychological Association.
Charles Darwin (Evolutionary Psychologist): Darwin argued that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies.
Dorothea Dix: She did checks in asylums to make sure patients were getting the best care. In addition, she changed brutal psychological disorder treatments to gentler ones.
Sigmund Freud (Psychodynamic/Analytical Psychologist): The controversial ideas of this famed personality theorist and therapist have influenced humanity’s self-understanding. He gave us psychoanalytical theory.
G. Stanley Hall: The first president of the American Psychological Association.
William James: His perspective on psychology was known as functionalism. He also wrote the first psychology text book.
Ivan Pavlov (Cognitive): Studied sensory.
Jean Piaget: Child development psychologist.
B. F. Skinner: A behaviorist who rejected introspection and studied how consequences shaped behavior.
Margaret Floy Washburn: The first woman to recieve a psychology Ph.D
John B. Watson (Behavioral Psychologist): Championed psychology as the science of behavior and conditioned responses in a baby who became famous as “Little Albert”.
Wilhelm Wundt: The Father of psychology. He established the first psychology labratory.
Roger Sperry: A Biological/Neuroscience Psychologist.
Abraham Maslow: Developed the hierarchy of needs and is a humanistic psychologist.
