chapter 10 la and the civil war

Terms to Define

abolitionist (a person)- a person who wants to get rid of or destroy slavery

enlist- a voluntary joining of the military

secede- withdraw formally from membership of a federal union, an alliance, or a political or religious organization

campaign (military)- a military objective for a specific goal

guerrilla- small military group that harasses or fights other people

states rights- the principle that the rights of individual states should prevail over the rights of the federal government

Some Causes of War

• state’s rights

• slavery

• economic differences

• election of 1860

Civil War Facts

• date is 4/12/1861- 4/09/1865 (april 12, 1861- april 9 1865

• over 600,000 people would die

• south (confederates, rebels, greycoats)

• north (union, yankees, blue)

• Confederate states (11 red and orange) *

  • Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Florida, Missouri, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee,

• Union (blue 6) *

  • California, Iowa, Ohio, New York, Illinois, Michigan

Sign of the Times

• new tools of the Civil War

  • ironclad warships, primitive submarines, and the gatling gun

• civil war was the first national event to be photographed

Secession and Compromises

• 1820 Missouri Compromise

  • this compromise said there should be an equal balance of free and slave states

  • missouri came in as a slave state

  • maine would be a free state

• compromise of 1850

  • this compromise would let voters in that state decide if it would be a free or slave state

  • california entered as a free state

  • this compromise would be used for western territories

• 1854 kansas-nebraska act

  • this act would replace the missouri compromise

  • nebraska came in as a free state

  • kansas was settled by both pro and anti slavery people

  • a war would break out between the two groups in kansas

    • this became known as “Bloody Kansas”

• fugitive slave act: ensured slave owners that they could reclaim their slaves if they escaped to a free state

• john brown- a white antislavery person who killed pro slavery people to protest his hatred of slavery

  • started his work in kansas (Harper’s Ferry)

  • john brown, election of 1860, “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” by Harriet Beecher Stowe would start the spark of the Civil War

Political Parties

• sectionalism- is when the US would be divided into separate ways of thinking

election of 1860

• antislavery people started the republican party

• this party did not exist in la

• all four candidates were split over the slavery issue

• in 1860, abraham lincoln would become our next president and the issue over slavery would divide the democratic party

la secedes

• states rights and slavery were the 2 biggest reasons for the civil war

• the north felt that states had no constitutional right to leave the union

• the south felt that they should be able to leave

• the south felt if there was a war, that it would be a quick and fast victory for the south

• the north had more soldiers and the factories to make weapons and supplies quickly

• if la would secede, it would lose the tariffs on their sugar business from the north

• south carolina would secede first on 12/20/1860

• la would secede on 1/26/1861

• state would take over $600,000 from the US mint in New Orleans

• la governor thomas moore would seize Fort Jackson and Fort St. Phillip below New Orleans

• he also took over the weapons arsenal in Baton Rouge

• la would soon join the confederate states of america

• their president would be jeffereson davis

• judah benjamin would be called the “brains of the confederacy”

• john slidell tried to get the european countries to help the confederates

• la gave four key generals to the civil war:

  • Braxton Bragg, Fort Brag in North Carolina

  • Leonidas Polk, Fort Polk, Louisiana

  • richard taylor, son of president zachary taylor

  • p.g.t. beauregard, ordered the first shot fired to start the war

• civil war started on 4/12/1861 at fort sumter in south carolina

• battle of shiloh- 1^st bloodiest battle for la troops

• 25,000 casualties

• disease would kill many before they ever left to fight

• lack of supplies and food was a constant problems for the soldiers

• confederates would pay a bounty, a one time fee for soldiers to enlist

• after war started they used the draft or the conscription law

  • this law required any man of a certain age to enlist

  • this law had a substitute clause which allowed a man to take someone’s place in the war

  • you were exempt from fighting if you owned 20 or more slaves

• soliders called the civil war “a rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight”

• some la factories started making weapons, uniforms and medical supplies

• salt also became very valuable in la during the civil war

• many women started working in factories during the war also