Chapter 5 & 6 Essentials of Bio

Chapter 5

Which of the following is a similarity between photosynthesis and respiration?

They are both metabolic processes.

The second stage of cellular respiration occurs in the

mitochondria

This refers to metabolic pathways by which cells break down complex molecules to release chemical energy.

catabolism

In a human cell,

nearly all chemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes.

Chemical reactions that break down lipids are

catabolic.

Cellular respiration

enables living organisms to utilize energy stored in glucose.

 Which of the following is part of the cellular respiration?

All of these part of cellular respiration.

Which of the following is either consumed or synthesized in virtually every cellular reaction?

ATP

The role of water in photosynthesis is to

provide electrons to the chlorophyll.

In the reaction C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ > 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O, the six CO₂ molecules are examples of

products.

This term refers to any chemical reaction or physiological process that requires oxygen.

aerobic

The enzyme rubisco is important to the process of

carbon fixation.

This series of metabolic reactions are also known as the Calvin cycle, and convert CO2 into glucose.

Light-Independent Reactions

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, indicating that the glycolytic reactions

require no oxygen.

Which of the following molecules carries electrons to the electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation?

NADH

Photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical bonds by forming

sugars.

The capture and use of energy by living organisms involves numerous chemical reactions. Collectively these processes are known as 

metabolism.

Chapter 6

The process of cell division is different for prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cells because

prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome.

Binary fission is a mode of bacterial reproduction that also can be described as ____________ because it results in daughter cells that are identical to the original cell.

asexual reproduction

__________________ refers to the particular alleles that an individual carries, while __________________ refers to an individual’s observable traits.

Which of the following pairs of processes encompasses the entire eukaryotic cell cycle?

cell division and interphase

Which of the following is a difference between binary fission and mitosis?

breakdown of the nuclear envelope

In genetic engineering, molecular biologists often combine segments of DNA from two separate organisms. This is an example of genetic recombination that occurs in a laboratory setting. Which of the following is a form of genetic recombination that occurs naturally within cells?

Crossing-over

The chromosomes in a homologous pair

consist of one maternal and one paternal chromosome.

During meiosis I, the chromosome number is reduced to haploid by separating

one of each homologous chromosome pair into two different daughter cells.

Homologous chromosomes separate during this stage of meiosis:

anaphase I

Sister chromatids are attached to each other at a region known as the

centromere.

An individual that has two different alleles for a particular gene is

heterozygous

The successful union of one male and one female gamete forms a new single cell known as a

zygote.

Which of the following statements about cell division is correct?

It is the process by which organisms reproduce and grow.

The reproductive process that restores the diploid number is ______________________, which brings together two haploid gametes to form a new cell called a ________________.

A researcher is recording the process of bacterial cell division using time-lapse microscopy. Which of the following processes would be observed?

binary fission

If a diploid animal cell has a total of 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be present in each of its gametes?

9

The centromeres split and the sister chromatids separate during which phase of mitosis?

anaphase

The processes of mitosis, meiosis, and binary fission all

are used to produce daughter cells.

An allele that masks the effects of another allele is said to be

Dominant

All of the following contribute to genetic uniqueness EXCEPT

Binary fission

A pool of cells is treated with a chemical that halts progress through the cell cycle at the G₁ phase. In which stage of the cell cycle would most cells be found?

interphase

A cell taken from a newly discovered sexually reproducing animal species is found to have 

19 chromosomes. This cell is most likely which type?

Haploid gamete

Which of the following cell types can be produced by meiosis?

Sperm

In animals, the outcome of meiosis is the

production of eggs and sperm.

A pair of chromosomes that have a similar shape and code for all of the same traits are said to be

homologous

Gametes (sex cells) have one copy of each chromosome (i.e., one set), which is half the number of chromosomes in most cells of the body. In terms of chromosome number, gametes are

Haploid

In animals, which of the following distinguishes meiosis from mitosis?

Mitosis is used to repair tissues and produce new somatic cells, whereas meiosis creates cells for sexual reproduction.

Which two processes combine to create genetic diversity and maintain chromosome number?

fertilization and meiosis