Name | Dates | Description |
Critical Period | 1781–1789 | Time under the Articles of Confederation after the Revolution. Weak federal government. |
Colonial Era | ~1607–1776 | Time of British colonies in America before independence. |
Revolutionary Era | ~1763–1789 | From the end of the French & Indian War to the Constitution. |
Antebellum Period | ~1820–1860 | Pre–Civil War U.S., marked by slavery debates, reform movements, and industrial growth. |
Civil War Era | 1861–1865 | Conflict between the North and South over slavery and secession. |
Reconstruction Era | 1865–1877 | Post–Civil War effort to rebuild and integrate the South. |
Gilded Age | ~1877–1900 | Rapid industrialization, wealth inequality, political corruption. |
Progressive Era | ~1890–1920 | Reform movements aimed at fixing problems caused by industrialization. |
Roaring Twenties | 1920–1929 | Economic boom, cultural change, consumerism. |
Great Depression | 1929–1941 | Economic collapse and New Deal reform. |
World War II | 1939–1945 | U.S. involvement from 1941–1945. |
Cold War Era | 1945–1991 | U.S.–Soviet rivalry, nuclear arms race, containment. |
Civil Rights Movement | 1950s–1970s | Fight for racial equality and justice. |
Vietnam Era | ~1964–1975 | Controversial U.S. involvement in Vietnam War. |
Reagan Era / Conservative Resurgence | 1980s | Rise of conservative politics and economic policy. |