Medical Terminology Ch3&4 study guide

Medical Terminology Summary

Blood and Circulatory System

• Anemia: Blood condition where blood lacks RBCs (hemoglobin), reducing oxygen supply to tissues

• Thrombocytes: Platelets

• Leukopenia: Deficiency of WBCs

• Hyperglycemia: High blood sugar

• Eosinophil: Leukocyte that stains red and is elevated in allergic reactions

• Basophil: Leukocyte that stains blue and plays a role in inflammation

• Lymphocyte: Fights disease by making antibodies

Bacteria Types

• Streptococcus: Berry-shaped bacterium that grows in twisted chains

• Staphylococcus: Berry-shaped bacterium that grows in small clusters

• Diplococci: Berry-shaped bacteria organized in pairs

Anatomical Terms

• Trachea: Windpipe

• Pharynx: Throat

• Larynx: Voice box

• Intercostal: Pertaining to between ribs

• Dactyl: Finger/toe

• Glossy: Tongue

• Adenoids: Small masses of lymphatic tissue located in part of the pharynx

Medical Conditions

• Acromegaly: Enlargement of extremities

• Necrosis: Process/condition of death of cells

• Multiple Myeloma: Tumor of bone marrow

• Pneumonia: Condition of the lungs

• Syndactyly: Joined fingers/toes

• Syndrome: Group of symptoms/signs occurring together

• Dyspnea: Abnormal/painful breathing

• Sepsis: Infection

• Rh condition: Antigen-antibody reaction that could be dangerous for mother when giving birth

Medical Specialties and Procedures

• Nephrologist: Specialist in kidneys

• Amniocentesis: Surgical puncture to remove fluid from amniotic sac

• Ultrasonography: Diagnostic technique using ultrasound waves to make image of organ/tissue

• Laparoscopy: Process of visually examining abdomen

• Percutaneous: Through the skin

• Transurethral resection: Portion of prostate gland removed with instrument passed through the urethra

• Recombinant DNA: Taking gene from one organism and inserting into DNA of another organism

• Polymerase chain reaction: Method of producing multiple copies of single gene

Anatomical Conditions

• Ptosis: Drooping, falling, prolapse

• Cystocele: Hernia of urinary bladder

• Rectocele: Hernia of the rectum

• Symphysis: "Growth together" refers to joint where 2 bones connected by cartilage

Directional Terms

• Contralateral: Opposite side

• Sublingual: Pertaining to under the tongue

• Abductor: "To lead away from" refers to the muscle that moves body part away from midline

Prefixes

• Dia-: Through/complete

• Brady-: Slow

• Tachy-: Fast (as in tachycardia)

• Anti-/Ante-: Against/before

• Ana-: Up

• Con-: With/together

• Ad-: Towards

• Epi-: Above

• Hypo-: Below, deficient

• Poly-: Many

• Meta-: Beyond, change

• Para-: Abnormal, near

• Cata-: Down

• Neo-: New

• Eu-: Good/normal

• Somno-: Sleep

Suffixes

• -therapy: Treatment

• -stomy: Opening to form mouth

• -genesis: Condition of/producing

• -lysis: Breakdown/destruction/separation

• -penia: Deficiency

• -malacia: Softening

• -phobia: Fear (example: acrophobia - fear of heights)

• -sclerosis: Hardening

• -drome: Running

• -fusion: Coming together

• -partum: Birth/labor

• -stasis: Stopping/controlling

• -ectomy: Excision/removal

• -tomy: Incision

• -ule: Small/like

Combining Forms

• Phago-: To eat

• Carp/o-: Wrist bones

Biological Processes

• Metamorphosis: Process of change in form/shape

• Hypertrophy: Excessive growth

• Antigen: Foreign substance that stimulates production of antibodies