Period Four Part 2 Test Study Guide

Missouri Compromise

The issue at hand is that at this time there is the same number of slave states and free states
Compromise (written by Henry Clay):
- Missouri would be a slave state
- Maine would be a free state
- What is left of the Louisiana Territory north of the 36°30′ line (Mason-Dixon Line) would prohibit slavery
This compromise passed

New western states adopted state constitutions that allowed all White males to vote and hold office
Free black men could vote too
They omitted any religious or property qualifications for voting
Most eastern states soon followed suit, eliminating such restrictions
As a result, throughout the country, all White males could vote regardless of their social class or religion
Voting for president rose from about 350,000 in 1824 to more than 2.4 million in 1840 mostly as a result of changes in voting laws
In addition, political offices could be held by people in the lower and middle ranks of society
However, this could also mean that those who aren’t knowledgeable or qualified can make important decisions
Property owners (Whigs) didn’t like this because they felt that the poor and uneducated could cast an “inaccurate” vote

Democrats favored Jackson, and Whigs did not
This is due to Jackson’s rotation of office holders, his veto power, and his political policy

Caused by the Indian Removal Act
Most Cherokees denied the settlement of 1835, which provided land in the Indian territory
In 1838, after Jackson had left office, the U.S. Army forced 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia
This caused the deaths of 4,000 Cherokees

Caused by the South Carolina Exposition and Protest
In 1832, South Carolina was upset over the 1828 Tariff (Abomination)
They decided to nullify the tariff and then threatened to secede if the federal government attempted to collect the tariff duties within South Carolina
Jackson accepted the challenge and told South Carolina that nullification went against the Constitution, and that he would take steps against South Carolina if they nullified the law
Caused the passage of the Force Bill

Many Whigs did not like Jackson’s veto power and how often he used it (King Andrew Jackson cartoon)
Jackson interpreted the powers of Congress narrowly and, therefore, vetoed more bills—12—than all six preceding presidents combined
Jackson took his re-election as a pronouncement by the people to revoke the National Bank’s charter
So, in 1832, Jackson vetoed the renewal of the National Bank’s charter, saying that it enriched the wealthy at the common people’s expense
The majority of voters approved of Jackson’s action
Jackson creates pet banks/wildcat banks, which are state banks
Jackson will order governemnt funds withdrawn from the National Bank and distributed to these state banks
The problem is that there are no rules for how loans are to be given out and state banks printed too much paper money
Caused many banks to go bankrupt and leads to the Specie Circular forcing people to pay in gold and silver

Anti-foreign feeling
Nativism grew within the US because of large numbers of Irish and German immigrants moving to the US
Americans feared that immigrants would:
- Outnumber and out-vote them (vote Democrat)
- Take away their jobs
- Cause the growth of Catholicism
Directed towards Irish in the 1860s
Changed to xenophobia (strong hatred of foreigners) around WWI to Germany and added Japan in WWII

Developed by Eli Whitney
Picks seeds out of cotton
Turns cotton into the dominant cash crop due to textile industry growth in the North
Grew the need for slavery and the Industrial Revolution

Middle class movement that was not in the south
Began around 1800 and was over by 1830
Series of “frontier revivals” because of excessive drinking and violence on the frontier
Protestant, Baptist, and Methodist

Leading feminists met at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848
The first women’s rights convention in American history
Issued a document closely modeled after the Declaration of Independence called the “Declaration of Sentiments”
- Declared that “all men and women are created equal”
- Listed women’s grievances against laws and customs that discriminated against them
After the convention, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony led the campaign for equal voting, legal, and property rights for women
Suffrage movement: a movement for the right to vote

Isaac Singer: perfected the sewing machine
Nathanial Hawthorne: author of the Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables
Washington Irving: author of the Legend of Sleepy Hollow
Samuel Slater: father of the factory system, introduced the first water-powered cotton mill
Eli Whitney: invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts
Cyrus McCormick: invented the mechanical reaper
Robert Fulton: designed and operated the first commercially successful steamboat
Dewitt Clinton: developed the Erie Canal
Dorthea Dix: founded 30 hospitals for the mentally ill and helped with prison reform
Louisa May Alcott: author of Little Women