Ballot: A piece of paper that lists all the options that can be voted for (same as ballot paper). (noun)

Ballot box: The container that is used to hold all the used ballot papers. (noun)

Ballot paper: A piece of paper that lists all the options that can be voted for (same as ballot). (noun)

Big government: A description of government that is believed to be too much by some. (noun)

Bill: A draft from of a law before it has been approved by a vote. (noun)

Bipartisan: Something that is supported by politicians from two different political parties. (adjective)

By-election: An election that happens in-between regular elections. (noun)

Campaign: The contest between politicians to be elected. (noun)

Candidate: A person who wishes to be elected via a vote. (noun)

Caucus: To meet together to select a candidate to represent a political party.(verb)

Capitalism: A political and economic system where the people rather than the state own items. (noun)

Challenger: A person who hopes to beat someone in an election. (noun)

Checks and balances: The different parts of the American political set up that ensures power is distributed appropriately. (noun)

Coalition: When two or more political parties work together to form a government. (noun)

Communism: A political belief in which the state owns everything, a form of socialism. (noun)

Congress: The elected part of the USA government. (noun)

Conservative: A UK right-wing political party or a member/supporter of that party. (noun) Supporting right-wing political beliefs. (adjective) 

Constituency: The area of a country that is represented by a certain elected official. (noun)

Constituent: A person that votes in a specific area for a certain group of candidates. (noun)

Constitution: The document that states the basic laws that govern a country. (noun)

Convention: A gathering of the members of a political party. (noun)

Coup d’ etat: An illegal change of government, often using force and often done by the military. (noun)

Debate: A conversation between people where they try to convince others that they have the correct beliefs. (noun)

Delegate: A person who is chosen or elected to attend an event to represent a larger group of people. (noun)

Democracy: A political system where the population of a country votes for the people that will lead them. (noun)

Democrats: A USA left-wing political party or a member/supporter of that party. (noun)

Dictator: A leader of a country that was not elected and uses force to stay in power. (noun)

Dictatorship: A political system where one person (or group of people) has absolute power and there are no elections. (noun)

Dissolution: To end something so it is separated in to its parts, e.g., the dissolution of parliament. (noun)

Elect: To chose someone using a vote. (verb)

Election: The process of voting to select winners to fill a political position. (noun)

Electoral register: The list of everyone who lives in an area and can vote in an election. (noun)

Electorate: The group of people who are allowed to vote in an election. (noun)

Fascism: A political system that is based on a strict government with set levels. (noun)

Federal: The government at the national level as opposed to local level government, especially in the USA. (adjective)

First past the post: A voting system where the candidate with the most votes is the winner and the losing candidates get nothing. (adjective)

Government: The group or political party that is in charge of a country or area. (noun)

Head of State: The person who leads and represents a country. (noun)

House of Commons: The lower part of the British parliament where the elected politicians debate and vote. (noun)

House of Lords: The upper part of the British parliament where elected and non-elected politicians debate and vote. (noun)

House of Representatives: The lower part of the USA congress where elected politicians debate and vote. (noun)

Houses of Parliament: The building that holds the Houses of Commons and Lords in the United Kingdom. (noun)

Incumbent: The person that currently holds a (political) office. (noun)

Independent: A candidate or elected person who is not a member of a political party. (noun)

King: A male head of state in a monarchy. (noun)

Labour: A UK left-wing political party. (noun)

Landslide: A victory that is very large. (noun)

Law: A one of the rules that people must follow when they are in a country, or the complete set of rules that the people must follow. (noun)

Leaflet: A small piece of paper that has information printed on it. (noun)

Left-wing: To support socialist beliefs or to believe in promoting public welfare. (adjective)

Legislation: The process of forming new laws. (noun)

Liberal: A person who believes in progress and protecting civil liberties. (noun)

Lobby: To try to persuade someone, often a politician, to do as you want. (verb)

Majority: To have more than half of something, such as votes or seats. (noun)

Manifesto: A document that states what a political party or government will do. (noun)

Marxism: To follow the beliefs or Karl Marx that communism is the best political policy. (noun)

Member of Parliament: A person who is elected to a parliament, also MP. (noun)

Minister: A politician that has a specific job in the government. (noun)

Monarchy: A system where the head of state is a king or queen. (noun)

MP: A person who is elected to a parliament, also member of parliament. (noun)

Nominee: A person who has been selected to stand for political office. (noun)

Non-elected: An official who has a permanent job and does not have to stand for election. (adjective)

Opinion poll: A survey in which a random group of people are asked their views. (noun)

Opposition: The political party that is in a minority and does not form the government. (noun)

Parliament: The place in certain countries where the politicians meet to debate and vote. (noun)

Party: A group of people with the same beliefs, e.g., political party. (noun)

Patriot: A person who loves their country. (noun)

PM: The person who leads the government in a country with a parliament, also prime minister. (noun)

Policy: A plan that a government or political party will follow when in government. (noun)

Poling station: The place that people go to vote. (noun)

Political: To be related to politics or politicians. (adjective)

Political party: A group of people with the same political beliefs. (noun)

Politician: A person who has been elected to represent a constituency or someone involved with politics. (noun)

Politics: The process of choosing a leader for a country, and them leading the country. (noun)

Poll: A survey in which random people are asked their views. (noun)

Postal vote: A vote that can be cast using the post rather than visiting a polling station. (noun)

President: The head of state in a republic. (noun)

Primary: A first selection where members of a political party chose the person to stand in an election. (noun)

Prime Minister: The person who leads the government in a country with a parliament, also PM. (noun)

Propaganda: Information that supports or dismisses a topic that maybe at least partially untrue. (noun)

Proportional representation: A voting system in which parties get seats related to their total number of votes. (noun)

Pundit: A person who is an expert and often works for the media. (noun)

Queen: A female head of state in a monarchy. (noun)

Referendum: A vote by the population of a country about a specific topic or piece of legislation. (noun)

Regime: The collective group of people responsible for running a country. (noun)

Republic: A system where the head of state is a president. (noun)

Republican: A USA right-wing political party or a member/supporter of that party. (noun)

Right-wing: To support conservative beliefs or to believe in limited government. (noun)

Run: To contest an election. (verb)

Seat: A position in an elected body that is reserved for the specific winner of each constituency. (noun)

Senate: The upper part of the USA congress where elected politicians debate and vote. (noun)

Socialism: A political belief that the state or country should own everything.(noun)

Socialist: Supporting socialism. (adjective)

Speaker: The person who leads and ensures the functioning of a body of politicians. (noun)

Spin: To show information so that only positive or negative parts can be seen. (verb)

Spin doctor: A person who can spin information to hide the true meaning. (noun)

State: A single independent country. (noun) The organizations and people that run a country. (noun) A subdivision of a larger country. (noun)

Turn-out: The number or proportion of the total that can do something. (noun)

Vice President: The deputy to a president who will become the head of state if the president can no longer do the job. (noun)

Vote: To take part in an election by selecting a candidate. (verb)

Whip: A politician with the job to ensure the other politicians in the party do as they are told to do. (noun)