Metals Worksheet

Please answer the questions below and submit the worksheet via Canvas.

1. Please explain how metals are extracted from ores?

The ores are crushed down and then heated to extreme temperatures to collect the metals for

functional use.

2. What is the difference between ferrous and non-ferrous metals? Please list two examples of

each.

Ferrous metals contain iron wiht non-ferrous metals not having them. Examples of ferrous

metals include alloy steel and wrought iron. Examples of non-ferrous metals include zinc and

gold.

3. Please list three principles about Wrought Iron (hint: this information can be obtained by

watching the video).

Wrought Iron when it rusts it doesn’t go deep into the material, it has low carbon content, and it is

easy to wield with it handling higher temperatures..

4. Please list three characteristics of aluminum.

Aluminium is ductile, a non-ferrous metla, and is corrosion resistant.

5. Please list three characteristics of copper.

Copper is hygienic, ductile, and is good for conducting electricity.

6. What is Galvanic Activity and why is it important?

Galvanic Activity is the corrosion in metals that occurs from electrolytes finding moisture or when

electrical current flows between metals. It's important to know as the corrosion degrades the

materials, so proper protection needs to be set in place.

7. Please list the metals (specified in the PowerPoint Presentation) in their proper Galvanic Activity

order.

a. Aluminum

b. Zinc

c. Iron and Steel

d. Stainless Steel

e. Tin

f. Lead

g. Brass

h. Copper

i. Bronze

j. Gold

8. What are the top and bottom sections of a beam called?

The top and bottom sections are named Flanges.

9. What is the vertical section of a beam called?

The vertical section of the beam is a web.

1. Please explain the following terms: wood, lumber and timber.

Wood is the natural state of tree stems. Lumber is wood sawn into pieces for construction. Timber is

lumber that’s at least 5 inches big in every dimension.

2. Please list three characteristics of wood.

• It's the only material used that grows and is renewable.

• Its sustainable

• Easy to work with

3. What is the difference between pressure treated and fire retarded wood?

Pressure-treated wood is chemically treated by pulling out the air inside of the wood in a high-pressure

tube. Fire retardant wood is fire-insulated wood that does not catch fire but only becomes charred.

4. Please list and draw the natural defects of wood.

• Knots

• Pitch pocket

• Shake

5. Please list the wood defects caused by the manufacturing process.

• Check

• Split

• Wane

• warp

6. What is the difference between softwoods and hardwoods? (hint: this information can be

obtained by watching the video).

Hardwood consists of maple, oak, and walnut, and is used primarily for

furniture/finishing. Softwood consists of pine, fir, and evergreens, and is used

primarily for construction.

7. Please list two examples of a hardwood.

Maple and walnut

8. Please list two examples of a softwood.

Pine and evergreens.

9. Please explain the difference between plain sawn and quarter sawn lumber. Please draw both

in section.

Plain Sawn Lumber is cheap, tangent to growth rings, and causes less waste. Quarter Sawn Lumber is

expensive, radial to growth rings, stable, and causes more waste.

10. What is the difference between actual and nominal lumber?

Nominal Lumber is the rough estimate of the measure of the lumber while actual lumber gives the real

dimensions to the lumber.

11. What are Glulam Beams?

They are pieces of engineered wood that are stronger than steel.

12. Please list five different wood joints.

Dado, lap joint, rabbet, dovetail, and doweled butt joint.