SEAM 01

Cargo Ships

Are used to transport cargo safely from one place to another.
Multi-deck / single deck hull.
They are crucial to international trade.
Can transport Food, petroleum, furniture, metals, clothes & machinery.

RoRo (Roll on Roll off)

Most vehicles transported over water internationally are done on RoRo.
This is safer and much faster to just drive into the ship than using a crane.
Once the cars are aboard they are braced to the ships deck to keep them from moving around while at sea.

Tankers

They primarily carry huge quantities of liquid.
Such as oil, water, wine & lots of chemicals.
They come in a variety of sizes but some larger vessels have the capacity to carry several hundred thousand tons.

Passenger Ships

They are defined as passengers if they carry more than 12 passengers.
If you own a passenger ship you need to abide by strict safety regulations.
There have been several disasters with passenger ships lately so the rules & regs. Have been updated and try to improve safety.
Passengers should be able to travel in a safe, comfortable environment.
This also includes Cruise & holiday ships.

High Speed Craft

Sometimes referred to as “Fast Ferries”
Mainly used for civilian use as passenger ferries.
This also includes Hovercrafts, catamarans & hydrofoil boats.
They are fast because they use air pressure & powerful turbine propellers.

Pure Bulk carrier

It is a merchant ship especially designed to transport unpackaged bulk cargo such as grain, coal, ore, steel, coils & cement in its cargo holds.
The first specialized bulk carrier was built in 1852. (economic forces have led to increased size & sophistication of these ships.
Today’s Bulk Carriers are specially designed to maximize capacity, safety, efficiency & durability.

Fishing Vessel

These are boats & ships designed to catch fish and marine wildlife.
They are used for leisure purposes but also for commercial fishing.
There are millions of fishing vessels used around the world.
(If you are working on a fishing vessel then it is important to know that they are very dangerous. According to the IMO there are around 24,000 deaths on fishing vessels each year.)
All ships engaged in international voyages must install ECDIS. This can help them avoid bad weather & navigate through international seas.

Anchor

A Massive piece of heavy metal that is connected to the chain cables and stored or fastened in the HOUSE PIPE During the journey/ship operation.
It may be permanent or temporary, with the addition of a marine anchor category.
All ships carrying anchors are temporary since they are not permanently moored in one location & are often dropped at other locations based on the conditions.

Ancho Gear

This includes chain cables, connecting devices, a windlass & a chain stopper .

Anchor’s 5 Fundamental components:

Shank
The Crown
The Stock
The Flute
Tripping Ring

A Shank is an integral stem that is permanently linked to the flute through the shank hole.

These linking structures, together with the stack are referred to as anchor crowns

Anchor crowns - a crossbar that assists in twisting the anchor & helping the flute in digging into the soil to secure the ship.

Majority of the ships go between ports, a tiny percentage are forced to wait for berths outside, due to the increasing trade & expanding fleet of ships.

The ship's anchor plays a crucial role in protecting the ship from natural forces such as wing and tidal current during this waiting period.

They serve as stabilizing hands, anchoring the ship precisely with their flutes hooked deep into the seabed and the chain's weight resulting force.

Bow

This is the forward section of a ship that cuts through the water along its sides as it travels.
2 Primary requirements for a bow are that it must have the least drag possible, or so called resistance, between the water and the ship’s hull. It must be tall enough to prevent water from splashing readily on top of it. Only a few bow varieties have stood the test of time throughout history: The Bulbous bow, the inverted bow & the ax bow.

Bulbous Bow

The bow seen on the majority of ships especially used in commercial transportation.
This is immediately identifiable by its distinctive bulging bulb-like form just below the waterline.
This also increases its fuel efficiency consumption by 10% - 15% so ships have to carry less fuel.

Inverted Bow

It has the hull & bow sections reversed, similar to a submarine with an extended waterline.
It increases its water drag while on the other it reduces its reserve buoyancy & speed in inclement weather
This style of bow is often seen on ships engaged in anchor handling, deep-sea pipe installation, and offshore operations.

Ax Bow

Ax bows feature a vertical stem line hull construction, as well as a deep Axe-like structure in the ship’s front section. It is one of the ship’s components that, owing to its design capabilities, contribute to the ship’s increased speed with the same power.

Have you noticed how much more work it takes to walk through water? This is due to the drag caused by the water and its resistance to your body’s motion. Thus, to mitigate comparable negative forces acting on the ship’s body, a bow is added to aid in simple propulsion.

Bow Thrusters

Bow thrusters are propeller-like devices mounted on both sides of the ship’s bow. It is used to improve a ship’s maneuverability in crowded waterways, such as canals or areas next to ports.
Bow thrusters include an impeller in a tunnel through the ship's bow.
Also known as tunnel thrusters due to their appearance.
Impeller rotates clockwise or counterclockwise for bidirectional propulsion.
Reduces operating costs by compensating for tug assistance charges.
Proper marks above the waterline on both sides are crucial.
Powered by electrical systems, with prime mover coupled to the impeller shaft via a bevel gear.
Hydraulic propulsion used on some ships if electrical is not feasible.
Operates with propulsion and rudder angle change.
Rudder, a blade-like device behind the propeller, directs the ship.
Rudder angle adjusted for direction change.
Bow thrusters assist when the ship's speed is too slow for effective rudder control.

Accommodation

Section of a ship where the crew lives.
Includes ship’s offices, crew quarters, gym, prayer room, salon, recreation area, laundry, hospital, galley, engine room, and navigational bridge.
Salon: Common room for crew, passengers, and visitors, often with a shared lounge and dining area.
Galley: Nautical term for the kitchen; location for food preparation.
Systems managed: Freshwater, domestic refrigeration, waste disposal, sewage treatment, and air conditioning in the accommodation block.
Regulations: International and national maritime laws require accommodation to be above the summer load line, aft of amidships.
Marine Labor Convention (MLC 2006-2007): Requires suitable housing and recreational facilities for crew and commanders.
Requirements: Adequate safety, housing, health provisions, hospital facilities, proper ventilation, lighting, headroom, heating, and sufficiently sized crew rooms.

Deck

Structural feature acting as the floor or covering for the hull of a ship.
Ships may have multiple decks (e.g., upper deck, lower deck, Decks 1, 2, 3).
Main deck (weather deck): Highest deck exposed to elements.
Deck 1 and Deck 2: Levels/floors under the weather deck; do not extend from aft to front.

Six separate decks: Main deck, upper deck, poop deck, weather deck, lower deck, foredeck.

Main deck: Runs the length of the vessel, highest deck on most ships.
Upper deck: Highest deck; on warships, it's a separate deck under the top deck.
Lower deck: Deck beneath the upper deck.
Weather deck: Any part of the ship exposed to elements.
Poop deck: Area at the ship's rear.
Foredeck: Area between the cabin and forecastle.

Purpose: Supports hull construction, provides space and floor for equipment and personnel, and offers a climate-controlled environment.

Hull

Part of a ship extending below the waterline; prevents water entrance. The Protective Shell that protects the inside gems from the elements.

Function: Acts as a protective shell for the ship's interior.

Components enclosed: Bow, deck, bottom keel, and both sides.

Construction: Made of plates joined by stakes; includes structural parts like plating and stiffeners.

Stiffeners: Include transverse and longitudinal frames, girders, bulkhead stiffness, and beams.

Plating: Covers deck, bottom, bulkhead, and sides.

Design goals: Minimize water resistance, ensure feasibility and economy, maintain cargo capacity.

Efficiency: Improved by measuring and minimizing hull resistance to motion.

Steel hull: Ensures watertight integrity and reduces drag, crucial for overall efficiency.

Hull coating: Specialized paints reduce frictional drag and inhibit marine growth.

Dry dock operations: Hull is cleaned and repainted with special coatings to maintain efficiency.

Keel

A keel is a structural component of a ship’s hull that adds to the structure’s strength by evenly distributing stress and strain longitudinally.
Due to its ability to maintain the Ship’s Structure it is referred to as “Ship’s Backbone”
It gives the ship stability & increases its effective speed.
Keels: Introduced to reduce labor associated with ship structural stabilization.
Origin: Initially used by Vikings to minimize lateral movement of their ships.
Structure: Thick plate running longitudinally across the ship from bow to stern, along the bottom centerline.

Types of keels:

Flat keel: Used in all big ships.
Bar keel: Used for ships operating in shallow water.
Duct keel: Used on offshore vessels and double-hulled tankers.

Function: Contributes to structural stability, support, and effective speed of the ship.
Ship's displacement: Determined by the distance between the keel and the waterline, impacting draught and reserve buoyancy.

Freeboard

Portion of a ship’s hull visible above the waterline; distance between the top deck and waterline.
A ship’s freeboard is not set but varies according to the quantity of cargo carried.

Variation: Freeboard varies according to cargo quantity.
Minimum freeboard: Essential to prevent sinking; defined by the distance between the upper deck and load line.
Load line marking: Ensures ship’s draught is within safe limits.
ICLL 1966: International agreement requiring minimum freeboard at all times.
Load line marker: Regulates the maximum load a ship can carry based on water type.

Purpose of freeboard: Maintains ship stability and prevents sinking.
ICLL 1996 markings: Required load lines on ship hulls for Tropical Freshwater, Tropical Freshwater, Summer, Winter, and Winter North Atlantic, ensuring sufficient freeboard for safety.

Engine Room

The heart of the vessel, located on the lowest deck aft.
Purpose: Stores mission-critical equipment like the main engine, boiler, fresh water generator, alternator, shafting, air compressor, pumps, purifier, heat exchangers, incinerator, and repair machinery.

Conditions: Hot, loud, and vibrating; average temperature above 45°C.

Deck classification:

Utility deck
Weather deck
Mechanical deck

Engine Control Room (ECR): Allows remote management of engine transmission; the only area in the engine room with relief from heat and noise.
Primary responsibility: Houses critical equipment and auxiliary systems.
Deck 1: Control panels for diesel generators, pumps, workshop, storeroom, settling tanks, service tanks, freshwater expansion tanks, inert gas platform, deck air compressor, and air bottles.
Deck 2: Fuel oil heaters, purifiers, boilers, primary air compressor, diesel generators, freshwater generator.
Deck 3: Houses the primary engine, supporting coolers, and oily water separators.

Funnel

The ship’s chimney; discharges exhaust gasses into the atmosphere.
Function: Vital since mechanical ships; vents exhaust gasses from the engine room.
Design: Cross-section or breadth determined by the amount of exhaust produced.
Emission control: Funnels now used within regulated emission limits, with shot collection to prevent pollution.
Shot collection: Collected in a tank and discharged to port authority or overboard via an eductor, recorded in a rubbish log book.
Angled design: Funnels are angled to direct flue gas away from the navigation bridge and ship’s deck.

Purpose: Safely vent exhaust gasses, aided by the ship's forward speed and funnel tilt, ensuring no obstruction to navigation.

Navigation Bridge

the ship's brain; large platform atop the cabin, aids in navigation.
Bridge wing: Short passage extending from the bridge, provides a larger and clearer outside view for safe maneuvering.

Pilothouse: Most critical component; where the ship is commanded and directed.
Must provide a clear view from the conning position, 1200 port to 1200 starboard, per maritime norms.

Duty officer: Commands, supervises, and maneuvers the ship from the navigation bridge, often with a skilled sailor nearby.

Critical maneuvers: Captain, duty officer, experienced sailor, and pilot present in the navigation room during hazardous maneuvers or port approach.
Bridge equipment: Includes gyroscope, radar, magnetic compass, autopilot, echo sounder, rudder angle indicator, GPS, AIS, ship’s horn, navigation lights, and signaling flags.

Purpose: Provides officers with space and visibility for secure maneuvering, equipped with necessary technology and controls to adjust ship’s speed, direction, and communication.

Deck Crane

Not all ships carry them, Aid with cargo operations and adjustments; used for loading and unloading hoses, tools, and equipment.

Location: Deck-mounted.
Power: Powered by electric motor or hydraulics.
Capacity: Lifting capacity up to 50 tonnes.
Importance: Considered a vital component of typical cargo ships.

Forecastle

Most forward section of the ship; the front part of the upper deck, not exceeding 7% of the deck’s length.

Identification: Sharp rise in the foredeck toward the bow.

Historical use: Originally for defensive positions on military vessels.
Current use: Primarily for storing and preserving critical ship components.

Components: Includes haws pipe, windlass, open rail, anchor chain, hydraulic motor, chain block, deck flange, bollard, gearbox, anchor, and foremast.
Functions: Anchoring, inspecting, and maintaining the foremast navigation lights.
Importance: Houses anchoring equipment; on naval ships, also stores key defense cannons.

Propeller

Propeller: Mechanical device similar to a fan that has blades; generates propulsion for a ship.
Function: Converts rotational energy from its blades into pressure energy to push the ship forward.
Mechanism: Creates propulsion by forcing water away from the blade’s near and far sides, using a pressure differential.
Newton’s third law: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction; the propeller pushes water backward to move the ship forward.
Components: Hub, blades, and faces.
Material: Made of non-corrosive alloys like manganese bronze and aluminum for durability.
Role: Essential for ship movement and propulsion.
Types:
- Blade count: Three, four, five, or six blades.
- Pitch: Fixed pitch or variable pitch.

Rudder

Component that steers a ship while it travels forward.

Location: Flat hollow device situated aft of the propeller; rotates on its axis from port to starboard.
Components: Trunk, primary rudder blade (with movable flap), links, hinge system, and rudder carrier bearing.
Function: Works with Newton’s third law of motion; creates resistance to water flow, steering the ship in the opposite direction.

Types:

Balanced rudder: At least 20% of its componentry located in front of the turning axis.
Semi-balanced rudder: Component located less than 20% in front of the turning axis.
Unbalanced rudder: No component outside or ahead of its turning axis.

Steering gear system: Controls the rudder’s movement.

Performance:

Must change from 35 degrees port to 35 degrees starboard in fewer than 28 seconds.
Steering gear must shift from 35 degrees in one direction to 30 degrees in the other.

Mast

Vertical structure extending forward from the forecastle toward the bow; connected to the peak of the bridge.

Functions:

Supports the ship’s derrick.
Houses equipment such as radars, navigation lights, and the ship’s horn (in case of foremast failure).
Hoists the ship’s flag.

Material: Made of high-tensile steel for rigidity and strength.

Principal duties:

Holds radar receiver, navigation lights, flags (including the ensign), and, in some cases, derricks.

DAVIT

Winch that manipulates the anchors.

RUDDER

Submerged component that pivots on a vertical axle and is used to steer the boat.

PROPELLER

Device with blades integrated onto a shaft that is driven by the engine to provide thrust and thus impel the ship

RADAR MAST

Mast with a radio-wave detection device (radar set) used to prevent collisions when visibility is reduced.

GUARDRAIL

Railing along a ship's deck that protects crew from falling overboard.

SEPARATOR

Device that removes any water that might contaminate the oil tanks.

RADIO ANTENNA

Metal conductor that emits and receives radio waves for communications.

MOORING WINCH

Motorized spool around which a mooring cable is wound.

CROSSOVER CARGO DECK LINE

Thick pipe that runs transversally and is used to fill and empty the tanks.

BITT

Metal cylindrical fittings attached to the deck for fastening mooring ropes and tow lines.

AIR RELIEF VALVE

Device that allows air to escape as oil fills the tanks to displace it.

TANK HATCH COVER

Watertight door that provides access to a tank.

FOREMAST

Mast located near the bow of the deck that supports the navigation lights.

MAIN DECK

Flat top that seals the hull and protects the cargo: it provides space for crew to circulate and for auxillary Equipment.

WALL SIDE

Vertical part of the hull below the water line.

FOAM MONITOR

Pressurized mechanism that produces foam for extinguishing fires.

DERRICK MAST

Short thick mast that supports the derrick.

DERRICK

Device with pulleys that is mounted on a pivot for handling loads.

BULB/BULBOUS

Bulge in the bottom part of the stem that reduces the hull's water resistance.

TRANSVERSE BULKHEAD

Wall that divides the hold across the width thus demarcating the tanks.

LENGTHWISE BULKHEAD

Wall that divides the hold along the length to demarcate the tanks

ENGINE CONTROL ROOM

Compartment housing the instruments that monitor the ship's movement and control the engines and other machinery

PUMP ROOM

Compartment housing the machinery that pumps the oil in and out of the tanks

CENTER KEELSON

Metal grider that runs along the ship's longitudinal axis to reinforce the bottom of the hull.

WEB FRAME

Metal reinforcement that spans the hull transversally.

TANK

Water tight reservoir; the hold is divided into several tanks to prevent sloshing.

MODULE 2

Variations

On every ship, the overall command goes to the Master. Under him are the three (3) departments:

Deck
Engineering
Steward/Catering

The Chart above best describes this hierarchy. However, there are companies in which the catering department is under the umbrella of the Chief Officer.

Not only that, but there are also shipboard organizational structures that consider the Cadet as part of the officers. Others however put him in the lowest rank just below the Ordinary Seaman or Wipers.

There are no wrong answers here as each company has a different policy. As long as the crew runs the ship safely and complies with various rules and regulations, this should not be a problem. In this article, we shall use the three departments directly under the Master’s umbrella.

The Master

On top of every shipboard organization is the Master.

Called the Captain
Overall commander having absolute authority on board.
His judgment is always based on the safety of the vessel, his crew & cargo.

- Absolute authority means he has the overriding decisions against the desires of the company and characters.

- Even when there are superintendents, shipowners, & inspectors on board, he still has absolute authority/command.

- The Master is responsible when there are accidents, incidents or deficiencies unless he can prove otherwise.

Salary:

$10,000 on average

Deck Department

- Responsible for navigation, watchkeeping, maintenance of the ship’s hull, cargo hold preparation, and loading and unloading of cargoes.

- They are also responsible for keeping the lifesaving & firefighting equipment in good order.

- Mooring, un-mooring, anchoring & ballasting operation fall under the care of deck department

GENERALLY, the deck crew conducts surface maintenance of the deck including its fittings & equipment.

Chief Officer

Master’s second in command.

Called:

Chief Mate
First Officers
First Mate

The person who would take over when the Master is incapacitated.

Responsible for everything related to cargo operations.

He is:

The training manager
Garbage Manager
Rest Hours supervisor
Disciplinarian
Job administrator

Some ships have three junior officers making the Chief Mate a day work. However, there are still ships with only 2 junior officers.

Work schedule:

8am - 12 noon ; 1 pm - 5pm.
4-8 watch keeper (AM/PM)

Salary:

$6,000 - $12,000

Second Officer

Rank below the Chief Mate & above Third Mate.

Called:

Navigational Officer

Main Duty:

- Revolves around the bridge. Incharge of fixing voyage plans, chart corrections & publication updates.

- Make sure all navigational instruments and light signals are working and tested regularly.

- Includes cargo operations, ballasting operation, mooring/unmooring of the ship. On some ship he is also designated as the Ship Security Officer (SSO)

Work Schedule:

12 - 4 Watch (AM/PM)

Salary:

$2,500 - $5,000

Third Officer/Third Mate

The Safety Officer

Duty:

Care & Maintenance of all lifesaving and firefighting equipment.

When there are on-signers, the third mate is in charge of their familiarization. He gives them a tour of all the safety and fire fighting equipment once onboard.

In cooperation with Chiefmate his duty includes updating the Muster list & assigning the crew’s duties & responsibilities during emergencies.

Similar to Second mate, his job also involves cargo operations, ballasting operation & mooring/un-mooring of the ship.

Schedule:

On watch 8 - 12 (AM/PM)

Salary:

$2,000 - $4,500

Bosun/Boatswain

The head of the UNLICENSED Deck Department.
Direct supervision from the Chief Officer.

Main Duty:

Keeping good maintenance of the ship’s hull.

Revolves around the deck area. After getting the Job order of the day from the Chief Mate, he delegates tasks to the crews.

He then switches to supervision mode while performing some work that he can manage himself.

Work very closely with the Chief mate, his task is similar to him like garbage manager & disciplinarian.

Salary:

$2,000

Pumpman

You can find the rank of a pumpmanonly in tanker vessels.

Duty:

Assist the Chief Officer during loading, discharging, and crude oil washing.
His Duty also includes assisting in ballasting, de-ballasting, inerting, purging, gas-freeing, and tank washing.

His responsibilities revolve around the deck area with the cooperation of Bosun and other Deck Crew.

Mainly Focused:

Maintenance of cargo equipment, PV valves, IG Valves, deck seal, tank gauging equipment, and connecting/disconnecting of cargo hoses.

Salary:

Equivalent to Bosun a lil bit higher $100 - $300

Able-Bodies (AB)

The ones steering the vessel during pilotage (Helmsman).

Either watch keepers or day workers.

As Watchkeepers, they are partnered with the deck officers respectively.
As day workers, he’s doing all the maintenance jobs on deck like chipping, buffing, painting, washing and greasing. Along with Bosun, they climb and enter into enclosed spaces.

During Cargo operations, there are the eyes & ears of the officers in the deck area. Their duties include checking the cargo lines for leaks, tendering the mooring lines, and watching the gangway.

Salary:

$1,550

Ordinary Seaman (OS)

Entry level rank in the deck department
Similar to AB’s duty.
Requires the supervision, especially the new ones, typically works with an experienced AB
Not allowed to steer the ship even if they have the necessary certificates.
Also not permitted to perform working aloft and tank entries
PERMITTED to do those things with direct supervision of a responsible crew or an officer.

Main Duty:

Assisting AB’s while learning about the job so they can be ready to get a promotion.

Salary:

$1,200

Deck Cadet

On the chart positioned before the Third Officer, some organizational charts place him at the bottom of every department.

Main Duty:

Training.
Must learn the different jobs on board.
He can archive this through immersion.

Duties:

Depends on the culture of the ship.
Spends his time mostly on deck doing maintenance together with the ratings.
Some ships assign deck cadets only on the bridge. Still a few follow the program laid out in their training record book.

His training supervisor assigns him together with the officers, he also sends him to the pumpman and bosun to get an overview of the various jobs on deck.

Salary:

$600

ENGINE DEPARTMENT

The Main Engine = The Heart of the Ship

Used referring to the crew working below deck or inside the engine room.
Ship is equipped with various machines, electrical equipment & propulsion system
It is the engine crew’s job to keep them running and in good working order.
Their work includes inspections, maintenance, and repair of all machinery.
Also incharge of power generators, air-conditioning plants, sewage systems, water distillation units, lighting and electrical fixtures, cooling units.

Categorized in 2

The licensed members called Marine Engineer
Unlicensed members crew called Engine Ratings.

Chief Engineer (C/E)

The head of the shipboard engineering is the C/E

He is overall in charge of engine room safety, machinery operation, maintenance, bunkering & technical administration.
Keeps very much attention to the
- paper works
- Checklist
- Managerial Task

Within his department.

Answers directly to the captain.

Responsible for:

To make sure that the engineers make proper entries into the Oil Record Book and Engine Log Book.

Also monitors the Fuel and lube oil consumption. This means that the machinery in operation must achieve good and safe performance with economical consumption.

Salary:

$7,500 - $ 15,000 Depending on the ship type.

Second Engineer (2/E)

- Also known as First Assistant Engineer (1AE).

- Rank below Chief Engineer; Executive Officer of the Engine Department.

- Responsible for planning, scheduling, delegating, and directing the maintenance plan.

- Consults with the Chief Engineer on tasks and decisions.

- Typically handles duties as Chief Engineer focuses on paperwork.

Salary:

USD 8,000. Average

Third Engineer (3/E)

- Also known as Second Assistant Engineer (2AE).

- Reports to the Second Engineer for maintenance and watchkeeping duties.

- Manages general maintenance of machinery and equipment.

- Ensures sufficient bunkers in day tanks under the 2nd Engineer's supervision.

- Maintains main propulsion engines, boilers, and diesel generators as per Planned Maintenance System (PMS).

Salary range:

USD 2,500 to USD 5,000 per month.

Fourth Engineer (4/E)

- Also known as Third Assistant Engineer (3AE).

- Studies and practices the Third Engineer's duties.

- Starts the day with a toolbox meeting; receives daily tasks from the Second Engineer.

- Maintains purifiers, air compressors, sewage treatment, and general maintenance.

- May be responsible for electrical fixtures, water systems, and sounding of bilges and tanks if no electrician is on board.

- Responsibilities may overlap with other engineers depending on company regulations.

Salary range:

USD 2,000 to USD 4,500

Electrician or Electro-Technical Officer (ETO)

- Vital technical rank, essential for ship automation maintenance.

- Reports directly to the Chief Engineer.

- Typically a day worker but can be called at any time.

- Also assists in the deck department, especially with the Chief Officer.

- Responsibilities include UMS test schedules, alarm tests (fire, smoke, heat), battery checks, and maintenance of refrigeration and air-conditioning units.

- Handles nearly all electronics and electrical issues, including those on the bridge.

Salary:

USD 2,000 to USD 8,000 depending on the ship type and company.

FITTER

- Highly skilled workers typically found in the engine workshop.

- Expertise includes riveting, grinding, welding, drilling, and lathe machine operations.

- Assembles, disassembles, reassembles, and builds new machine parts.

- Works under the direct supervision of the Second Engineer.

- Responsibilities include repairing piping systems, plumbing, fitting, hot works, and assisting engineers with machinery maintenance.

Salary:

Around USD 2,000 per month.

Motorman/Oiler

- Inspects and maintains pumps, motors, turbines, and condensers.

- Responsibilities include greasing, lubricating, de-rusting, painting, and keeping records of tasks.

- Directly responsible to the Second Engineer.

- Assists in keeping the engine room clean and orderly.

- Participates in bunkering operations and may be responsible for sounding bilges and bunker tanks.

Salary:

USD 1,300 to USD 2,000 per month.

Wiper

- Counterpart of the Ordinary Seaman in the engine room.

- Primarily responsible for the general cleanliness of the engine room, workshop, and control room.

- Assists engineers in cleaning purifiers, dismantling motors, and performing routine maintenance.

- Expected to learn the duties of Oilers, Motormen, and Fitters.

- Can be promoted with enough knowledge and experience.

Engine Cadet

- Learn the various jobs in the Engine Department.

- Training scheme supervised by the Second Engineer.

- Works closely with engineers, electricians, and ratings.

- Aims to become an engineer, despite holding a lower rank in the organizational diagram.

Salary:

Around USD 600.

Steward Department

- Smallest number of crew but crucial to the ship’s organizational structure.

- Also known as the Galley Catering Department.

- Main job is to prepare delicious and healthy meals for the crew.

- Helps maintain crew morale and inspiration through well-prepared meals.

Chief Steward

- Highest-ranking member of the Galley Department.

- Directs and supervises meal planning and preparation.

- Responsible for cost control and requisition of provisions.

Chief Cook

- Prepares and cooks meals for the crew.

- Maintains cleanliness and order in the galley and provision room.

- May also handle the duties of the Chief Steward, including baking bread and cakes.

Salary:

Around USD 1,900.

Messman

- In charge of cleaning officers’ and engineers’ cabins.

- Maintains cleanliness and order in the Mess hall.

- Prepares the table before meals and ensures supplies like ketchup are filled.

- Washes dishes and keeps the fridge stocked with necessary beverages.

Salary:

Around USD 1,400.