- Puritans - believed in predestination
- Believed they had gone through a "conversion" having received Gods grace
- They were Sanctified
- Usually from the lower class
- some wanted to split from the Church of England
- thought only "Visible Saints' should be church members.
- Church of England allowed everyone
The separatists (Pilgrims)
- Split from the Church of England
- King James I harassed them
- 1608 - a Small group of Separatist Puritans fled to holland
- But they were barred from Dutch craft guilds and lived in poverty
- Their children were becoming more dutch than English
- By 1620 - a group of English Separatists in holland decided to to start a settlement in North America
The Move to Plymouth Rock
- Puritans negotiated with the Virginia company to start a Settlement in their territory
- 1620-102 Pilgrims, 35 "saints", 67 "Strangers" left Plymouth harbor England in the Mayflower
- Spent 65 days at Sea headed for New york
- missed the destination and landed at Cape Cod
- Chose to settle at Plymouth bay
- outside the Virginia company's Jurisdiction
- Were Squatters with legal rights to the land and not subject to laws made by the Virginia Company
The mayflower compact
- An agreement for the government of the colony made by the men before they got off the Mayflower
- 1. established a government by majority rule
- 2. promised allegiance to the king of England
- signed by 41 adut males onboard
- Dec. 21, 1620 - the pilgrims stepped off the boat onto Plymouth Rock
- After the winter of 1620 -1621, 44 of the 102 Survived
The Plymouth Colony
- With the help of local Indians; the fall of 1621 yielded a good harvest
- Celebrated in october with the first Thanksgiving
- Invited the Indians
Plymouth relations with Indians
- The Indian population Was already Small and Weak
- They taught the pilgrims how to hunt and farm
- most of the Indians died Of Small pox
- This ended good relations between the pilgrims and the Indians
- Eventually, the Pilgrims recieved legal permission, from England, to Stay at Plymouth
- William Bradford acted as governor for over 20 years
Massachusetts Bay Colony
- Meant to be a business venture
- Started with between11 & 17 ships and over 100 people
- called a "great migration"
- By 1630, Over 20,000 had come
- John Winthrop became its first governor
- Landed in present day Salem
- Became prospers through trading furs, fishing, and Ship bulging
- Remained loyal to the church of England
- In each town, churches acted Independently
- Only church members "Saints" could hold Office
- In each town, the people chose their own ministers and ran their on affairs
- Became known as congregational church because the congregation ran the church instead of a church hierarchy
Protestant leaders
- Roger williams
- - Lived in Salem Massachusetts
- - Liked by both William BradFord and John winthrop
- - Was branded a heretic
- - wanted a total break from the Church of England
- - wanted separation of church and State
- - called for more religions toleration and fair treatment of the Indians
- - Banished in 1635
- - During the winter of 1635-1636 he stayed with the Narraganset tribes
- - Bought land from the Indians in what will be Rhode Island and built the town called Providence
- - It became the only colony with complete religious tolerance
- - Even for catholics and Jews
- Anne hutchinson
- - Moved to Massachusetts in 1634 with her husband and 14 children
- - Argued that the leaders of the colonial churches Were not truly sanctifed
- - They had not undergone a conversion
- - Developed a large following
- - put on trial for heresy and banished
- - moved to new Netherlands (New York)
- - Killed during an Indian attack
Connecticut
- Attracted bath dutch and English settlers
- 1635, Hartford was established
- Populated by a large group of Boston Puritans led by reverend Thomas Hooker
- 1638 - Puritan Squatters Sated New Haven
- Had a church- based a government
- 1639 - in the Connecticut river colony; Setters drafted the fundamental Orders
- 1st constitution in the colonies which established an Official democratic system in the future U.S.A
New Hampshire
- 1639 - Settled by John Wheelwright (a follower of Anne Hutchinson)
- Established the settlement Of Exeter in New Hampshire
- New Hampshire became its own colony in 1679
New England: Settlers Vs. Indians
- The pequot war
- - Connecticut 1637
- - English settlers were demanding more land
- - Pequot-tribe resisted
- - English allied with rival tribes the Mohegan and Narragansett captain John mason led a white militia and attacked a main pequot Village
- - Burned it down and Shot Survivors
- - England criticized colonial brutality
- - Puritans tried to Christianize the remaining Pequot
- King Philip's war
- - Deadliest war fought between English colonials and Indians
- - Fought in Massachusetts
- - 1675- a tribe called Wampanoag were led by Chief Metacome
- - called king Philip by the English
- - Indians were threatened by English incursions on their land and were being forced to live under English law
- - Metacome led attacks On English settlements destroying 20 towns
- - Eventually, mohawk Indians , (allies do the English) ambushed, shot, killed, and beheaded Metacome
- - The rest of the Wompondag were killed or Sold into slavery to the West Indies
- - This brought an end to the New England Indians
The New England Confederation
- 1643- 4 colonies united politically to fight Indians French and Dutch
- They also worked together to deal with runaway servants and criminals
- controlled by Puritans only, each colony got two votes
- The colonies were Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New Haven Connecticut and other settlements there
- Rhode Island was not invited (too Many heretics)
- 1st Step towards colonial unity
- Colonials became accustomed to handling their own affairs without interference from England