AP US HISTORY PERIOD 1 & 2 (Part 2)

• Puritans - believed in predestination
• Believed they had gone through a "conversion" having received Gods grace
• They were Sanctified
• Usually from the lower class
• some wanted to split from the Church of England
• thought only "Visible Saints' should be church members.
• Church of England allowed everyone

The separatists (Pilgrims)

• Split from the Church of England
• King James I harassed them
• 1608 - a Small group of Separatist Puritans fled to holland
• But they were barred from Dutch craft guilds and lived in poverty
• Their children were becoming more dutch than English
• By 1620 - a group of English Separatists in holland decided to to start a settlement in North America

The Move to Plymouth Rock

• Puritans negotiated with the Virginia company to start a Settlement in their territory
• 1620-102 Pilgrims, 35 "saints", 67 "Strangers" left Plymouth harbor England in the Mayflower
• Spent 65 days at Sea headed for New york
• missed the destination and landed at Cape Cod
• Chose to settle at Plymouth bay
• outside the Virginia company's Jurisdiction
• Were Squatters with legal rights to the land and not subject to laws made by the Virginia Company

The mayflower compact

• An agreement for the government of the colony made by the men before they got off the Mayflower
• 1. established a government by majority rule
• 2. promised allegiance to the king of England
• signed by 41 adut males onboard
• Dec. 21, 1620 - the pilgrims stepped off the boat onto Plymouth Rock
• After the winter of 1620 -1621, 44 of the 102 Survived

The Plymouth Colony

• With the help of local Indians; the fall of 1621 yielded a good harvest
• Celebrated in october with the first Thanksgiving
• Invited the Indians

Plymouth relations with Indians

• The Indian population Was already Small and Weak
• They taught the pilgrims how to hunt and farm
• most of the Indians died Of Small pox
• This ended good relations between the pilgrims and the Indians
• Eventually, the Pilgrims recieved legal permission, from England, to Stay at Plymouth
• William Bradford acted as governor for over 20 years

Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Meant to be a business venture
• Started with between11 & 17 ships and over 100 people
• called a "great migration"
• By 1630, Over 20,000 had come
• John Winthrop became its first governor
• Landed in present day Salem
• Became prospers through trading furs, fishing, and Ship bulging
• Remained loyal to the church of England
• In each town, churches acted Independently
• Only church members "Saints" could hold Office
• In each town, the people chose their own ministers and ran their on affairs
• Became known as congregational church because the congregation ran the church instead of a church hierarchy

Protestant leaders

• Roger williams
• - Lived in Salem Massachusetts
• - Liked by both William BradFord and John winthrop
• - Was branded a heretic
• - wanted a total break from the Church of England
• - wanted separation of church and State
• - called for more religions toleration and fair treatment of the Indians
• - Banished in 1635
• - During the winter of 1635-1636 he stayed with the Narraganset tribes
• - Bought land from the Indians in what will be Rhode Island and built the town called Providence
• - It became the only colony with complete religious tolerance
• - Even for catholics and Jews
• Anne hutchinson
• - Moved to Massachusetts in 1634 with her husband and 14 children
• - Argued that the leaders of the colonial churches Were not truly sanctifed
• - They had not undergone a conversion
• - Developed a large following
• - put on trial for heresy and banished
• - moved to new Netherlands (New York)
• - Killed during an Indian attack

Connecticut

• Attracted bath dutch and English settlers
• 1635, Hartford was established
• Populated by a large group of Boston Puritans led by reverend Thomas Hooker
• 1638 - Puritan Squatters Sated New Haven
• Had a church- based a government 
• 1639 - in the Connecticut river colony; Setters drafted the fundamental Orders
• 1st constitution in the colonies which established an Official democratic system in the future U.S.A

New Hampshire

• 1639 - Settled by John Wheelwright (a follower of Anne Hutchinson)
• Established the settlement Of Exeter in New Hampshire
• New Hampshire became its own colony in 1679

New England: Settlers Vs. Indians

• The pequot war
• - Connecticut 1637 
• - English settlers were demanding more land
• - Pequot-tribe resisted
• - English allied with rival tribes the Mohegan and Narragansett captain John mason led a white militia and attacked a main pequot Village
• - Burned it down and Shot Survivors
• - England criticized colonial brutality
• - Puritans tried to Christianize the remaining Pequot
• King Philip's war
• - Deadliest war fought between English colonials and Indians
• - Fought in Massachusetts 
• - 1675- a tribe called Wampanoag were led by Chief Metacome
• - called king Philip by the English
• - Indians were threatened by English incursions on their land and were being forced to live under English law
• - Metacome led attacks On English settlements destroying 20 towns
• - Eventually, mohawk Indians , (allies do the English) ambushed, shot, killed, and beheaded Metacome
• - The rest of the Wompondag were killed or Sold into slavery to the West Indies
• - This brought an end to the New England Indians

The New England Confederation

• 1643- 4 colonies united politically to fight Indians French and Dutch
• They also worked together to deal with runaway servants and criminals 
• controlled by Puritans only, each colony got two votes
• The colonies were Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New Haven Connecticut and other settlements there
• Rhode Island was not invited (too Many heretics)
• 1st Step towards colonial unity
• Colonials became accustomed to handling their own affairs without interference from England