Empires To Know APW

Founded by Babur in 1526 after the Battle of Panipat.
Expanded under Akbar the Great, integrating much of India.
Akbar implemented religious tolerance with Din-i Ilahi.
Known for architecture like the Taj Mahal (Shah Jahan) and the Red Fort.
The Empire was weakened after Aurangzeb due to internal issues and the rise of the British East India Company, ending in 1857.

The last imperial dynasty of China was established by the Manchus.
Expanded territory to include Tibet, Xinjiang, and Mongolia.
Kangxi and Qianlong emperors supported Confucianism and infrastructure.
Controlled trade through the Canton System.
Collapsed after the 1911 Revolution due to internal uprisings (e.g., Taiping Rebellion) and external pressures (e.g., Opium Wars).

Rise of empires like Portugal, Spain, the Dutch Republic, England, and France.
Expanded through overseas exploration and colonization.
Established trade networks connecting Europe, Africa, the Americas, and Asia.
Innovations: caravel, astrolabe, and lateen sails facilitated exploration.
Colonization led to cultural, economic, and demographic impacts, including forced labor systems.
Maritime empires competed, leading to conflicts like the Anglo-Spanish War and the Anglo-Dutch Wars.