AP Psychology People to Know

flashcard set for the rest of psych

ap psych study guide

Figures In Psych (highlighted most important)

• Alfred Adler: A Neo-Freudian, emphasized parenting styles and inferiority complex.

• Mary Ainsworth: Studied early emotional attachment with "The Strange Situation" experiment.

• Gordon Allport: Classified personality traits into cardinal, central, and secondary traits.

• Albert Bandura: Conducted the Bobo doll study, explaining social learning theory.

• Aaron Beck: Father of cognitive therapy, known for the cognitive triad of depression.

• Alfred Binet: Developed the first widely used intelligence test, IQ formula.

• Paul Broca: Discovered Broca's area, linked to speech production.

• Raymond Cattell: Identified 16 personality traits using factor analysis.

• Noam Chomsky: Proposed the theory of universal grammar in linguistics.

• Hermann Ebbinghaus: Created the forgetting curve, showing the exponential nature of forgetting.

• Paul Ekman: Studied facial expressions and identified six universal emotions.

• Albert Ellis: Founded rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) to challenge irrational beliefs.

• Erik Erikson: Known for psychosocial development stages, based on Freud's theories.

• Hans Eysenck: Proposed two dimensions of personality: extraversion and neuroticism.

• Sigmund Freud: Father of psychoanalysis, introduced concepts like the unconscious mind and psychosexual stages.

• Solomon Asch: known for his experiments on conformity, where he demonstrated the influence of group pressure on individual behavior.

• Phineas Gage: Case study showing brain damage's effect on personality.

• Howard Gardner: Developed theory of multiple intelligences, opposed to general intelligence.

• Carol Gilligan: Criticized Kohlberg's theory of moral development as male-centered.

• Francis Galton: Studied nature vs. nurture, emphasizing genetics.

• Daniel Goleman: Known for emotional intelligence theory, EQ's importance.

• Harry Harlow: Studied attachment in monkeys, emphasizing contact comfort.

• Ernest Hilgard: Researched hypnosis, proposed the "hidden observer" theory.

• Karen Horney: Focused on parental indifference and neurosis.

• William James: Emphasized the functional approach to psychology.

• William James and Carl Lange: Proposed James-Lange theory of emotion.

• Carl Jung: Believed in the collective unconscious and studied persona.

• Garcia and Koelling: Discovered taste aversion.

• Lawrence Kohlberg: Developed stages of moral development theory.

• Elizabeth Loftus: Studied false memory formation and misinformation effect.

• Konrad Lorenz: Studied imprinting in animals.

• Abraham Maslow: Founded humanistic psychology and proposed hierarchy of needs.

• Stanley Milgram: Conducted obedience experiments, showing the power of authority.

• Ivan Pavlov: Discovered classical conditioning with experiments on dogs.

• Jean Piaget: Defined stages of cognitive development in children.

• Carl Rogers: Developed client-centered therapy, emphasizing self-concept.

• Hermann Rorschach: Created the Rorschach inkblot test.

• David Rosenhan: Conducted the "insanity" experiment in mental hospitals.

• Martin Seligman: Studied learned helplessness and positive psychology.

• Hans Selye: Proposed General Adaptation Syndrome.

• Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer: Developed two-factor theory of emotion.

• B.F. Skinner: Associated with operant conditioning and Skinner Box.

• Charles Spearman: Proposed general intelligence theory.

• Robert Sternberg: Distinguished analytical, creative, and practical intelligence.

• George Sperling: Studied iconic sensory memory.

• Lewis Terman: Revised Binet's IQ tests.

• Edward L. Thorndike: Known for the law of effect in behavioral psychology.

• Edward Tolman: Studied latent learning.

• John Watson: Established behaviorism, conducted "Little Albert" experiment.

• Ernst Weber: Known for sensation and difference thresholds.

• Benjamin Whorf: Proposed linguistic relativity theory.

• Wilhelm Wundt: Established the first psychology laboratory, focused on introspection.

• Philip Zimbardo: Conducted the Stanford prison experiment, revealing the power of roles.