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Origins of Britain's Parliament

Where Did Our Parliament Come From?

Learning Intention

  • Identify the origins of Britain's Parliament.

Introduction

  • Parliament's history began with the struggle between English kings and powerful barons.
  • Simon de Montfort played a crucial role in shaping the first Parliament.

King Henry the Prisoner

  • In 1264, King Henry III was forced to accept the Provisions of Oxford, limiting his power.
  • Barons, led by Simon de Montfort, fought the king’s forces at the Battle of Lewes and captured him.

The First Parliament

  • In 1265, Simon de Montfort called a meeting of the Great Council.
  • Unlike previous meetings, he invited not just nobles but also wealthy town leaders (burgesses) and knights.
  • This is considered the first Parliament because it included representatives from different parts of society.

De Montfort’s Downfall

  • Prince Edward (future Edward I) escaped and gathered forces.
  • In 1265, Montfort was defeated and killed at the Battle of Evesham.

Parliament Lives On

  • Despite Montfort’s death, the idea of Parliament remained.
  • Kings realized they needed Parliament to raise money and pass new laws.
  • By the 1300s, Parliament had settled into two groups: the Lords and the Commons.

The Structure of Parliament

  • The Monarch: Decided when Parliament met, needed Parliament’s help for taxes and laws.
  • The Lords: Wealthy barons and bishops who advised the king.
  • The Commons: Knights and wealthy townspeople who represented local interests.
  • This structure remains the foundation of the British Parliament today.

Conclusion

  • The origins of Parliament shaped the way modern governments function.
  • The idea of including common people in decision-making was revolutionary.
  • Parliament’s role in lawmaking and taxation has continued to evolve over time.