Origins of Britain's Parliament

Where Did Our Parliament Come From?

Learning Intention

• Identify the origins of Britain's Parliament.

Introduction

• Parliament's history began with the struggle between English kings and powerful barons.
• Simon de Montfort played a crucial role in shaping the first Parliament.

King Henry the Prisoner

• In 1264, King Henry III was forced to accept the Provisions of Oxford, limiting his power.
• Barons, led by Simon de Montfort, fought the king’s forces at the Battle of Lewes and captured him.

The First Parliament

• In 1265, Simon de Montfort called a meeting of the Great Council.
• Unlike previous meetings, he invited not just nobles but also wealthy town leaders (burgesses) and knights.
• This is considered the first Parliament because it included representatives from different parts of society.

De Montfort’s Downfall

• Prince Edward (future Edward I) escaped and gathered forces.
• In 1265, Montfort was defeated and killed at the Battle of Evesham.

Parliament Lives On

• Despite Montfort’s death, the idea of Parliament remained.
• Kings realized they needed Parliament to raise money and pass new laws.
• By the 1300s, Parliament had settled into two groups: the Lords and the Commons.

The Structure of Parliament

• The Monarch: Decided when Parliament met, needed Parliament’s help for taxes and laws.
• The Lords: Wealthy barons and bishops who advised the king.
• The Commons: Knights and wealthy townspeople who represented local interests.
• This structure remains the foundation of the British Parliament today.

Conclusion

• The origins of Parliament shaped the way modern governments function.
• The idea of including common people in decision-making was revolutionary.
• Parliament’s role in lawmaking and taxation has continued to evolve over time.