Chapter 2: Foundations of Resident Care

Objective information/ signs- based on what a person sees, hears, touches, or smells. 

Subjective information/ symptoms- a person cannot observe, based on reports from the person that may or may not be true.  

Body mechanics- the way the parts of the body work together when a person moves. 

Scalds- burns. 

Abrasion- an injury that rubs off the surface of the skin. 

P ull the pin
A aim at the base of fire
S queeze the handle
S weep back and forth

R emove residents from danger
A activate alarm
C ontain fire if possible
E xtinguish or call fire dept. to extinguish 

Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)- a fed. government agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Cyanotic- blue or gray in reference to the skin.

Myocardial Infarction (MI/ heart attack)- a condition that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen because blood flow to the heart is blocked. 

• Signs/symptoms: sudden, severe pain in chest usually on the left side or center, pain/ discomfort in arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach, indigestion/ heartburn, nausea/ vomiting, shortness of breath, and dizziness.

Syncope (fainting)

Insulin reaction (hypoglycemia)- a complication of diabetes that can result from too much insulin or not enough. 

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)- a complication of diabetes that is caused by having too little insulin in the body. 

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA/ stroke)- occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel leaks or ruptures within the brain.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)- a warning sign of a CVA resulting from temporary lack of oxygen in the brain, symptoms usually last 24 hours. 

Hemiplegia- paralysis on one side of the body. 

Hemiparesis- weakness on one side of the body. 

Expressive aphasia- trouble communicating thoughts through speech or writing. 

Receptive aphasia- trouble understanding spoken or written words. 

Emesis- vomiting through mouth or nose. 

Localized infection- an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms. 

Systemic infection- an infection in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body, causes general symptoms. 

Healthcare-associated infection (HAI)- an infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care. 

Reservoir- a place where a pathogen lives and multiples. 

Portal of exit- any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave. 

Mode of transmission- the method of describing how a pathogen travels. 

Medical asepsis- measure used to reduce and prevent the spread of pathogens.

Surgical asepsis (sterile technique)- the state of being free of all microorganisms.

Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC)

Sputum- mucus coughed up. 

Sharps- needles or other sharp objects. 

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Don- to put on.

Doff- to take off. 

Tuberculosis (TB)

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE)

Clostridioides difficile (C. diff/ C. difficile)