Era 7 vocab- S.S

Era 7: The Great Convergence and Divergence  Vocab List

Here are definitions for the terms you provided, drawing on concepts commonly associated with Era 7 in the context of American history and global developments:

1. Globalization: The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or operate on an international scale, leading to increased interconnectedness among nations.

2. Industrialize: The transformation of an economy from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods and services, often involving the establishment of factories and mass production techniques.

3. Genocide: The deliberate and systematic extermination of a particular group of people based on ethnicity, religion, or nationality.

4. Nation-state: A political entity characterized by a defined territory, a permanent population, and a government that is recognized by other states, often serving as the primary form of political organization in the modern world.

5. Diplomacy: The art and practice of conducting negotiations and maintaining relations between nations, often aimed at achieving strategic objectives without resorting to conflict.

6. Sovereignty: The authority of a state to govern itself and make independent decisions without external interference.

7. Alliance: A formal agreement between two or more nations or groups to cooperate for specific purposes, often for mutual defense or benefit.

8. Mobilize: The process of preparing and organizing troops for active service, as well as the broader mobilization of resources for war or other large-scale projects.

9. Ultimatum: A final demand or statement of terms, the rejection of which may lead to a breakdown in negotiations or conflict.

10. Embargo: A government-imposed restriction on trade with specific countries, often used as a political tool to influence foreign policy.

11. Expansionism: A policy or ideology that encourages a nation to expand its territory or influence, often through military conquest or colonization.

12. Insurgent: A person or group that rises in revolt against an established authority, often in pursuit of political or social change.

13. Partisan: A strong supporter of a party, cause, or person; in a historical context, it often refers to members of resistance movements against occupying forces.

14. Conscription: A system of mandatory enlistment for military service, often referred to as the draft.

15. Mobilization: The act of assembling and making both people and resources ready for war or conflict.

16. Propaganda: Information, often biased or misleading, used to promote a particular political cause or point of view.

17. Total war: A conflict in which a nation mobilizes all its resources, including civilian and military assets, to achieve victory.

18. Bolsheviks: A faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party that led the October Revolution in 1917, establishing a communist government in Russia.

19. Communism: A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society where the means of production are collectively owned and controlled.

20. Ration: The controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, or services, often implemented during wartime to ensure equitable access.

21. Tsar: The title used by the emperors of Russia before the revolution of 1917, signifying absolute monarchy.

22. Capitalism: An economic system characterized by private ownership and the free market where goods and services are produced for profit.

23. Consumerism: A social and economic ideology that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts.

24. Great Depression: A severe worldwide economic downturn that lasted from 1929 until the late 1930s, leading to massive unemployment, poverty, and significant changes in economic policy.

25. Interdependence: A mutual reliance between two or more groups, nations, or economic systems, often seen in global trade and economic relations.

26. Dictator: A political leader who wields absolute power, often ruling with authoritarian and oppressive methods.

27. Stock market: A marketplace for the buying and selling of stocks, representing ownership in companies, where prices can fluctuate based on market conditions.

28. Tariff: A tax imposed by a government on imported or exported goods, usually intended to protect domestic industries or generate revenue.

29. Eugenics: A controversial social philosophy advocating for the improvement of the human population through selective breeding and other forms of genetic control.

30. Fascism: An authoritarian political ideology characterized by dictatorial power, extreme nationalism, and suppression of opposition.

31. Social Darwinism: A belief that individuals or groups achieve advantage over others as a result of natural selection, often misused to justify imperialism, racism, and social inequality.

32. Authoritarianism: A political system where individual freedoms are subordinate to the state and where government power is concentrated in a leader or elite not constitutionally responsible to the public.

33. Confiscation: The seizure of property or assets by a government, typically without compensation for the owner, often used in times of crisis or war.

34. Resettlement: The planned relocation of a group of people, often due to war, disaster, or governmental policy, like forcibly relocating ethnic groups.

35. Internationalism: A political principle that transcends national boundaries and promotes cooperation and understanding among nations.

36. Self-determination: The right of people or nations to determine their own political status and freely pursue their economic, social, and cultural development.

37. Annex: To incorporate a territory into an existing political unit, such as a country or state.

38. Blitzkrieg: A German term meaning "lightning war," describing a fast and intense military campaign intended to bring about swift victory.

39. Imperialism: The policy or ideology of extending a nation's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

40. Jingoism: An extreme form of nationalism characterized by aggressive foreign policy and a readiness to use military force.

41. Neutrality: The policy of not participating in or supporting either side in a conflict or war.

42. Pacifism: The belief in resolving conflicts without violence and promoting peace as a fundamental value.

43. Concentration camp: A facility where individuals are forcibly detained, usually under harsh conditions, often targeting political prisoners, ethnic minorities, or other groups.

44. Extermination: The act of completely destroying a group of people, often associated with genocidal actions.

45. Arsenal: A collection of weapons and military equipment stored for use by a nation's armed forces.

46. Infrastructure: The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society, such as transportation systems, communication networks, and utilities.

47. Intervention: The action of becoming involved in a situation or conflict, often by external forces or nations.

48. Partition: The division of a territory into parts, often used in reference to the division of countries or regions.

49. Superpower: A nation with the ability to exert influence or project power on a global scale, particularly through military and economic means.

50. Socialism: An economic and political system where the means of production are owned or regulated by the community or state, aiming for equal distribution of wealth.

51. Colonialism: The practice of acquiring control over another country or territory, often involving settling and exploiting resources.

52. Independence: The state of being free from the control or influence of another country or government.

53. Assimilate: The process by which individuals or groups from one culture come to adopt the practices and beliefs of another, often resulting in a loss of original identity.

54. Militia: A military force composed of ordinary citizens who are trained for military service, often as a backup to regular armed forces.

55. Zionism: A nationalist movement that emerged in the late 19th century advocating for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

56. Interwoven: Describing the complex and intertwined nature of different elements, such as cultures, economies, and political systems, particularly in a global context.

57. Regulation: The act of controlling or governing behavior through rules or laws, often implemented by governmental bodies.

58. Humanitarian: Concerned with or seeking to promote human welfare and social reform, particularly in response to crises.

59. Collectivize: The process of transferring ownership of resources or means of production from individuals to the community or state.

60. Diplomatic: Related to the management of international relations and negotiations between nations.

61. Economic: Pertaining to the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

62. Boycott: A voluntary act of abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with a person, organization, or country to express protest or to force change.

63. Civil disobedience: The refusal to comply with certain laws or demands of a government as a form of peaceful protest against policies.

64. Protest: A public demonstration against certain policies or actions, often intended to express dissent or demand change.

65. Ethical: Relating to moral principles and values that govern individual or group behavior.

66. Collaborate: To work together with others to achieve a common goal or complete a task.

67. Multinational: Referring to corporations or organizations that operate in multiple countries beyond their home nation.

68. Demonstrator: A person who participates in a public gathering or protest to express views on an issue.

69. Civilian: A person not engaged in military duties; a member of the general public.

70. Ethnic: Relating to a population group or community that shares a common cultural, linguistic, or ancestral heritage.