General Biology

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Cell Theory:

Cell:

• Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organism
• Smallest unit of life and can replicate independently
• The study of cell is called Cell Biology
• Vary from “single cell”(Bacteria) to “multicellular” Structures(Tissues,organs) and Organisms (Animals and plants)
• Discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665

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Cell Theory:

1. Cell is the basic unit of life
2. All living things are made of cells
3. Cells came from pre-existing cells

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Modern Cell Theory:

• Cell contains DNA
• All cells are the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities
• All basic chemical and physiological functions are carried out inside the cells
• Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular structures within the cell

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Scientists:

Anton Van Leeuwenheok

• Invented the first “handheld” microscope
• Dutch scientist who was the first to see bacteria and protists
• Coined the term “animalcules”

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Robert Hooke

• Coined the term “cells”

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Matthias Schleiden

• A german botanist that concluded that all plant tissues are composed of cells and that an embryonic plant arose from a single cell.

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Theodor Schwann

• A german biologist that said that the cell is the basic unit of life

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Rudolph Virchow

• German Scientist who discovered that all cells came from pre-existing cells

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Cell Structure:

Characteristics of all cells:

• A surrounding membrane
• Protoplasm
• Organelles
• Control center with DNA

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Unicellular Organisms

• An organism that is made up of only one cell
• Examples of this type of cell are Euglena, Paramecium & Yeast

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Multicellular Organisms

• An organism that is made up of more than one cell
• Examples of this type of cell are Plants, Animals & Fungus

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Animal Cell

• Generally small in size, cell wall and plastids are absent, vacuoles are smaller in size and less in number, centrioles are present

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Plant Cell

• Generally large in size, cell wall and plastids are present, vacuoles are larger in size and more in number, centrioles are absent

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Parts of a cell:

Organelle

A membrane-bound structure that carries out specific activities for the cell

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Plasma membrane

Contains cell contents

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Ribosomes

Sites of protein synthesis

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Membrane Proteins

Channels or transport

Receptors

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Cell Wall

Surrounds plasma membrane

Found in plants, fungi & many protists

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Cytoplasm

Viscous Fluid containing organelle

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Cytoskeleton

Filaments and fibers

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Cilia & Flagella

Provides motility

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Centrioles

Pairs of microtubular structures and also plays a role in cell division

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Membranous Organelles

Functional components within cytoplasm and are also bound by membranes

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Nucleus

Control center of the cell

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Nuclear Envelope

seperates the nucleus from the rest of the cell

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DNA

hereditary material

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Nucleolus

Forms ribosomes

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Endoplastic Reticulum

Helps move substances within the cell

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Rough endoplastic reticulum

ribosomes attached to the surface and manufactures proteins

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Smooth endoplastic reticulum

No attached ribosomes and has enzymes that help build molecules

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Golgi Body

formed by 5-8 membranous sacs and modifies,sorts and packs materials synthesized in the cell

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Lysosomes

Contains digestive enzymes and aids in cell renewal

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Vacuoles

Membrane bound storage sacs

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Bacteria-like organelle

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Mitochondria

has their own dna and is bound by double membrane. releases energy(ATP)

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Chloroplast

Solar energy capturing organelle

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Cell types

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Prokaryotic

First cell type on earth and is the cell type of the bacteria and archaea

no membrane bound nucleus

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Eukaryotic

Nucleous bound by membrane

posesses many organelles

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Animal cells and tissue video nalang masyado mahaba ppt ni sir

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNQ92ZGWpOA&list=PLmdFyQYShrjfFwBor3IVoTy5JspWHrFdH

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlINGF9MnNA

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