GCSE AQA Particle Module

Density- measure of how much stuff we have in a given volume

Density = mass divided by volume

Solid- close packed regular arrangement of particles

Liquid- really densely packed together, move past each other, random motion of particles

Solid- really spread a long way away in random directions, can be compressed.

Solid heated up into a liquid, melting.

Liquid heating up into a gas, boiling/ evaporating.

Gas condenses to a liquid.

Liquid freezes to a solid.

Solid turns directly to a gas, sublimation.

No chemical reactions, just physical change.

Physical change- can be reversed and go back to the state it was before.

Internal energy is the total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles that make up a system.

Combination of potential energy which is due to the arrangement of the particles as well as how quickly they are vibrating and moving around

As you increase the internal energy the temperature also increases until we get to the point where we have a change of state. When something changes state, it is happening at a constant temperature.

Is the amount of energy we need to go from one temperature to another.

Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree celcius.

Change in energy is in joules, change in temp is in degrees celsius, mass in kg.

C is joules per kg

Specific Latent Heat- amount of energy required to change the state of one kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature.